RNA-seq and ATAC-seq Matrix

The emergence of eusociality is one of the major events in evolution. Although several previous studies have investigated the mechanism underlying caste differentiation and social behavior of eusocial insects including ants and honeybees, the molecular circuits governing the sociality of these insects remain obscure. In this study, we profiled the brain transcriptome and chromatin accessibility of all categories of adult castes: queens, males, gynes and workers in Monomorium pharaonis which is a typical caste-dependent eusocial insect. We created a comprehensive dataset including 16 RNA-seq and 16 ATAC-seq profiles from 4 biological replicates. We also demonstrated strong reproducibility of the datasets and identified specific genes and open chromatin regions in the genome that may be associated with caste differentiation. Overall, our data will be a valuable resource for further study of the mechanisms underlying eusocial insect behavior, particularly the role of brain in the control of eusociality.