PROBLEMS OF MISUSE OF ANTIBIOTICS: CAUSES, CONSEQUENCES AND WAYS OF PREVENTION

This article comprehensively covers the current problems associated with the misuse of antibiotics, their causes, and the negative consequences they cause for human health and the public health system. The increasing resistance of microorganisms to drugs as a result of unreasonable and uncontrolled use of antibiotics is recognized as one of the global health problems today. The article analyzes the concept of antibiotic resistance, its biological mechanisms, the level of medical literacy of the population, the responsibility of doctors and pharmacists, as well as the role of health policy on a scientific basis. During the study, the problem was studied comprehensively, relying on national and local scientific sources. At the end of the article, scientific and practical recommendations are developed to ensure the rational use of antibiotics.本文全面梳理了当前抗生素滥用相关的各类问题、成因，及其对人类健康与公共卫生体系造成的负面影响。因抗生素不合理、无节制使用而持续加剧的微生物耐药性（antibiotic resistance），现已被认定为当今全球重大公共卫生难题之一。本文基于科学依据，系统剖析了抗生素耐药性的概念、生物学作用机制、民众医学素养水平、医师与药师的职责，以及卫生政策所发挥的作用。本文依托本国及地方的科学文献资源，对该问题展开了全面深入的探究。文末，本文提出了兼具科学性与实用性的抗生素合理使用建议。