Parkes observations for project P1338 semester 2025APRS_26

Fast radio bursts (FRBs) are millisecond-duration radio bursts of extragalactic origin. Since the discovery of the first FRB in the archival Parkes/Murriyang multibeam data, a broad dichotomy in population has emerged. Some FRBs have been seen to be repeating, while others are not, despite a significant amount of follow-up using different radio telescopes. The repeating FRB 20240114A was recently discovered by CHIME/FRB, which has been seen to have an exceptionally high burst activity. Such extreme burst activity has not been seen in any other source. The repeating FRBs, such as FRB 20240114A, provide an unparalleled window into their circumburst environment due to their repeating nature, which can be used to constrain possible progenitor models and test underlying emission mechanisms. The previous Parkes/Murriyang source follow-up has also revealed intriguing spectro-polarimetric properties, such as frequency-dependent evolution of burst central frequency or chromaticity, a possible activity window, significantly large circular polarisation (CP), and frequency-dependent CP. These properties hold the key towards understanding the circumburst environment of the FRBs, and test possible progenitor models. A large bandwidth instrument with reliable polarimetry has been critical in uncovering these properties. The ultra-wideband low (UWL) receiver on Parkes/Murriyang is ideally suited to explore the source's wideband spectro-temporal and polarimetric behaviour. We propose a campaign to regularly follow up FRB 20240114A to ascertain its long-term evolution of spectro-temporal properties.

快速射电暴（Fast Radio Bursts，以下简称FRBs）是一类起源于河外空间、持续时长仅为数毫秒的射电爆发事件。自首次在帕克斯（Parkes）/穆里扬（Murriyang）多波束存档数据中发现第一例FRB以来，该暴源群体逐渐呈现出清晰的二分特性。尽管学界已利用多台射电望远镜开展了大量后续观测，但部分FRB展现出重复爆发的特征，另一部分则仅被观测到单次爆发。近期由CHIME/FRB项目发现的重复快速射电暴FRB 20240114A，展现出异常高的爆发活动率，迄今尚未在其他任何暴源中观测到如此极端的爆发活动。像FRB 20240114A这类重复快速射电暴，凭借其重复爆发的特性，为研究其暴周环境提供了独一无二的窗口，可用于约束潜在的前身星模型并检验其核心辐射机制。此前针对帕克斯/穆里扬望远镜观测到的暴源开展的后续研究，还揭示了诸多引人关注的光谱偏振特性：例如爆发中心频率的频率依赖演化（或称色特性）、疑似存在的活跃窗口、极高强度的圆偏振（Circular Polarisation，CP）以及圆偏振的频率依赖行为。这些特性是破解FRB暴周环境、验证各类潜在前身星模型的关键所在。具备可靠偏振测量能力的大带宽观测设备，是揭示这类特性的核心关键。帕克斯/穆里扬望远镜搭载的超宽带低频段（Ultra-Wideband Low，UWL）接收机，恰好能够完美适配该暴源的宽频带光谱时域与偏振特性研究。本研究拟发起一项定期观测计划，对FRB 20240114A开展持续后续观测，以明确其光谱时域特性的长期演化规律。