Recovery of lung function, handgrip strength and health-related quality of life: raw data

Introduction: Data was collected to determine the recovery of lung function, dominant handgrip strength (DHGS) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in cardiac patients at six-weeks and six-months after cardiac surgery. Further, the data was used to examine the relationship between these variables and the predictive ability of DHGS for lung function and HRQoL in these patients at these timepoints. In this data set, lung function, DHGS and HRQoL were assessed one or two days before cardiac surgery, at six-weeks and at six-month after cardiac surgery.
Dominant handgrip strength assessment: Before the surgery, DHGS was assessed using a calibrated Jamar hydraulic dynamometer (i.e. Model 5030J1, Patterson Medical, Warrenville, IL; Model 5030J1, Performance Health, China), while follow-up assessments were conducted using a similar and calibrated hand dynamometer (i.e. Model 5030J1, Performance Health; Model J00105, Sammons Preston, Bolingbrook, IL; Model EH101, Zhongshan Camry Electronic Co., Ltd, China). All DHGS results were normalised to a Jamar hydraulic dynamometer (Model 5030J1, Performance Health, China) via unique regression equations. Dominant handgrip strength was assessed in line with the guidelines of the American Society of Hand Therapists and included adjustment of the Jamar dynamometer handle to the second handle position, while the Camry dynamometer was adjusted to the third handle position. Patients were seated with hips and knees in 90 degrees while the feet rested flat on the ground, shoulders were adducted while the elbows were flexed to 90 degrees. Patients completed three DHGS trials to achieve a grip phase of six seconds and a rest phase of at least 15 seconds per trial. The highest value of the three trials was recorded as maximal DHGS.
Lung function assessment: Lung function assessment involved three indices: forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1); forced vital capacity (FVC) and peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR). Prior to surgery, lung function was assessed using using a calibrated spirometer (i.e. Vitalograph Alpha 6000, Vitalograph Ltd, Ireland; EasyOne Model 2001, NDD Medical Technologies, Switzerland) while follow-up assessments were conducted using a calibrated spirometer (i.e. Vitalograph Alpha 6000; Microlab CareFusion, Yorba Linda, CA; CONTEC-SP10 Model, CONTEC Medical systems Ltd, China). All spirometry results were normalised to a reference device (Vitalograph Alpha 6000, Vitalograph Ltd, Ireland) via unique regression equations. During the assessment, patients adopted a seated position, applied a nose clip, inhaled fully and rapidly, and then forcefully and maximally exhaled through a disposable mouthpiece with verbal encouragement. Repeatability and acceptability criteria as per the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society were applied to the FVC and FEV1 with the highest values of FVC, FEV1 and PEFR used for analyses.
Health-related quality of life assessment: The HRQoL was assessed using the Short Form-36 medical outcome (SF-36) questionnaire. This tool assesses the physical component summary and the mental component summary, which range from 0 to 100, with scores greater than 50 representing better HRQoL. Further, demographic data and clinical characteristics of the patients were obtained from their medical records to describe the patients' current health and functional level. These included: age; sex; body mass index, ethnicity, smoking and alcohol consumption status, highest education attained, employment status, and self-reported physical activity level. Clinical characteristics noted were pre-existing comorbidities, type of scheduled cardiac surgery, New York Heart Association classification, aortic cross clamp time in minutes, cardiopulmonary by-pass time in minutes, left ventricular ejection fraction, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III score, and the intensive care unit derived, Australian and New Zealand Risk of Death.
Data Analysis: Normality of data was checked using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and Lilliefors correction. All results were presented as frequency or mean (standard deviation). Recovery of lung function, DHGS and HRQoL at six-weeks and six-months was analysed using the repeated measures analysis of variance with Bonferroni correction applied for post-hoc multiple comparisons. Relationship between variables were assessed using Pearson correlation coefficients, while prediction of lung function and HRQoL using the DHGS and demographic/operative characteristics was determined using the stepwise multiple regression analysis. Level of significance was set at

引言：本数据集旨在明确心脏手术患者术后6周及6个月时的肺功能、优势手握力（Dominant Handgrip Strength, DHGS）与健康相关生命质量（Health-Related Quality of Life, HRQoL）的恢复情况，并进一步探究上述指标间的关联，以及上述时间点中优势手握力对患者肺功能与健康相关生命质量的预测能力。本数据集针对心脏手术患者，分别于术前1~2天、术后6周及术后6个月对其肺功能、优势手握力及健康相关生命质量进行了评估。

优势手握力评估：术前采用校准后的Jamar液压握力计（即型号5030J1，Patterson Medical公司，沃伦维尔，伊利诺伊州；型号5030J1，Performance Health公司，中国）对优势手握力进行评估；随访评估则采用同类校准后的手握力计完成，包括型号5030J1（Performance Health公司）、型号J00105（Sammons Preston公司，博林布鲁克，伊利诺伊州）、型号EH101（中山市凯立电子有限公司，中国）。所有优势手握力测量结果均通过专属回归方程，校准至以中国Performance Health公司生产的型号5030J1 Jamar液压握力计为基准的标准化值。优势手握力的评估遵循美国手治疗师协会（American Society of Hand Therapists）指南：Jamar握力计的握柄需调节至第二档位，而凯立（Camry）握力计则调节至第三档位。测试时患者取坐姿，髋部与膝关节均呈90°屈曲，双脚平放于地面，肩部内收，肘关节屈曲至90°。每位患者需完成3次握力测试，每次握持阶段持续6秒，休息阶段至少15秒，取3次测试中的最高值作为最大优势手握力。

肺功能评估：本次评估涵盖3项指标：一秒用力呼气容积（Forced Expiratory Volume in One Second, FEV1）、用力肺活量（Forced Vital Capacity, FVC）以及峰值呼气流速（Peak Expiratory Flow Rate, PEFR）。术前采用校准后的肺量计进行肺功能评估，包括Vitalograph Alpha 6000型（Vitalograph有限公司，爱尔兰）、EasyOne 2001型（NDD医疗科技公司，瑞士）；随访评估则采用校准后的肺量计完成，包括Vitalograph Alpha 6000型、Microlab CareFusion型（约巴林达，加利福尼亚州）、CONTEC-SP10型（CONTEC医疗系统有限公司，中国）。所有肺量测定结果均通过专属回归方程，校准至以爱尔兰Vitalograph有限公司生产的Vitalograph Alpha 6000型肺量计为基准的标准化值。评估过程中，患者取坐姿，佩戴鼻夹，充分且快速吸气后，经一次性咬嘴用力最大程度呼气，同时辅以语言鼓励。针对FVC与FEV1，采用美国胸科学会/欧洲呼吸学会（American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society）制定的重复性与可接受性标准进行筛选，最终取FVC、FEV1及PEFR的最高值用于后续分析。

健康相关生命质量评估：采用简明健康调查问卷（Short Form-36 Medical Outcome, SF-36）对患者的健康相关生命质量进行评估。该工具包含躯体健康总评与精神健康总评两个维度，评分范围为0~100分，得分高于50分代表健康相关生命质量更佳。此外，研究人员从患者病历中提取了人口统计学与临床特征数据，以描述患者当前的健康与功能状态，包括年龄、性别、体质量指数、种族、吸烟与饮酒史、最高学历、就业状况以及自我报告的体力活动水平。记录的临床特征包括：既往合并症、择期心脏手术类型、纽约心脏协会（New York Heart Association）心功能分级、主动脉阻断时间（分钟）、体外循环时间（分钟）、左心室射血分数、急性生理学与慢性健康状况评分系统Ⅲ（Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation III, APACHE Ⅲ）得分，以及重症监护病房衍生的澳大利亚与新西兰死亡风险评分（Australian and New Zealand Risk of Death）。

数据分析：采用Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验结合Lilliefors校正检验数据的正态性。所有结果以频数或均值（标准差）的形式呈现。采用重复测量方差分析对术后6周及6个月时的肺功能、优势手握力与健康相关生命质量恢复情况进行分析，并采用Bonferroni校正进行事后多重比较。采用Pearson相关系数评估变量间的关联，采用逐步多元回归分析探究优势手握力及人口统计学/手术特征对患者肺功能与健康相关生命质量的预测能力。显著性水平设定为