Dipole moments of minerals (<i>μ</i>) with different charges, total interaction energies (<i>E</i>_int) and electrostatic contributions (<i>E</i>_ele) of K⁺ with minerals and dipole moments of the adsorbed K⁺ (<i>μ</i>_K) based on Hirshlfeld population analyses.^<i>a</i>

a Units of dipole moments and interaction energies are Debye and kJ/mol, respectively; bEele′ refers to electrostatic energy of K+ with only the six neighboring O atoms from minerals Dipole moments of minerals (μ) with different charges, total interaction energies (Eint) and electrostatic contributions (Eele) of K+ with minerals and dipole moments of the adsorbed K+ (μK) based on Hirshlfeld population analyses.a