Radar-, banding-, and reanalysis-derived metrics of nocturnal bird migration at Appledore Island, Maine

This repository contains integrated radar, banding, and meteorological datasets used to quantify relationships between nocturnal aerial migration intensity and terrestrial capture rates at Appledore Island, Maine (USA).Weather surveillance radar data were derived from two nearby NEXRAD stations: KBOX (Boston, MA) and KGYX(Gray, ME). Radar-based migration metrics include migration traffic rate (MTR; birds km⁻¹ hr⁻¹), vertically integrated reflectivity (VIR; cm² km⁻²), ground speed (m s⁻¹), and the zonal (U) and meridional (V) components of ground speed.Bird banding data were collected on Appledore Island and include nightly totals of the number of birds banded and corresponding net hours, providing a standardized measure of terrestrial sampling effort.Meteorological and environmental variables were obtained from the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR). All NARR variables correspond to the grid cell centered over Appledore Island and include surface, near-surface, and pressure-level atmospheric conditions relevant to migratory behavior.Together, these data support analyses of how atmospheric conditions and aerial migration dynamics influence local capture rates during nocturnal migration.Geographic Coverage:Appledore Island, Isles of Shoals, Gulf of Maine, USAApproximate coordinates: 42.99° N, 70.62° WMethods: Radar-based migration metrics were extracted from NEXRAD weather surveillance radar data collected at stations KBOX and KGYX. Radar variables quantify nocturnal biological reflectivity and derived movement metrics associated with migratory birds.Banding data were collected using standardized mist-netting protocols on Appledore Island. Daily capture totals were paired with total net hours to account for variation in sampling effort.Meteorological variables were extracted from the North American Regional Reanalysis (NARR) dataset. All variables represent conditions within the single NARR grid cell overlying Appledore Island and include surface, boundary-layer, and pressure-level atmospheric fields.Radar-derived migration metrics (KBOX, KGYX)MTR: Migration Traffic Rate (birds km⁻¹ hr⁻¹)VIR: Vertically Integrated Reflectivity (cm² km⁻²)groundspeed: Mean ground speed (m s⁻¹)KBOX_u: Zonal component of ground speed (m s⁻¹)KBOX_v: Meridional component of ground speed (m s⁻¹)Banding data (Appledore Island)number_banded: Total birds captured per daynet_hours: Total mist-net effort per day (hours)Meteorological and environmental variables (NARR)Surface and near-surface:air.sfcpressure.sfcmsl.pressurerelative.humidityvisibilitywindSpeedwindDiruwnd.sfcvwnd.sfcprecip.rateacc.total.precipevaporationtotal.cloud.coveralbedovegetationplant.canopy.watersnow.covercapehgtutcPressure-level fields:uwind_1000_hPa, uwind_950_hPa, uwind_900_hPavwind_1000_hPa, vwind_950_hPa, vwind_900_hPaair_1000_hPa, air_950_hPa, air_900_hPaomega_1000_hPa, omega_950_hPa, omega_900_hPatke_1000_hPa, tke_950_hPa, tke_900_hPa本数据集仓库包含整合后的雷达、环志与气象数据集，用于量化美国缅因州阿普尔多尔岛（Appledore Island）夜间空中迁徙强度与地面捕获率之间的关联关系。 气象监视雷达数据来源于附近两个下一代天气雷达（Next Generation Weather Radar, NEXRAD）站点：马萨诸塞州波士顿的KBOX站点以及缅因州格雷的KGYX站点。基于雷达的迁徙指标包括迁徙交通率（Migration Traffic Rate, MTR；单位：鸟类·千米⁻¹·小时⁻¹）、垂直整合反射率（Vertically Integrated Reflectivity, VIR；单位：平方厘米·千米⁻²）、地面速度（单位：米·秒⁻¹），以及地面速度的纬向分量（U）和经向分量（V）。 鸟类环志数据采集于阿普尔多尔岛，包含每日夜间环志鸟类总数与对应的净作业时长，以此实现对地面采样投入量的标准化衡量。气象与环境变量来源于北美区域再分析数据集（North American Regional Reanalysis, NARR）。所有NARR变量均对应阿普尔多尔岛上空的中心网格单元，涵盖与迁徙行为相关的地面、近地面及等压面大气状况。上述数据集共同支持关于大气条件与空中迁徙动态如何影响夜间迁徙期间本地捕获率的分析研究。 地理覆盖范围：美国缅因州湾肖尔斯群岛阿普尔多尔岛，近似坐标：北纬42.99°，西经70.62° 研究方法：基于雷达的迁徙指标从KBOX与KGYX站点采集的NEXRAD气象监视雷达数据中提取。雷达变量用于量化夜间生物反射率以及与迁徙鸟类相关的衍生运动指标。 鸟类环志数据通过阿普尔多尔岛上的标准化雾网采集方案获取。将每日捕获总量与总净作业时长配对，以抵消采样投入的差异影响。 气象变量从北美区域再分析（NARR）数据集提取。所有变量均代表阿普尔多尔岛上空单个NARR网格单元内的大气状况，涵盖地面、边界层及等压面大气场。 雷达衍生迁徙指标（KBOX、KGYX）： - MTR：迁徙交通率（单位：鸟类·千米⁻¹·小时⁻¹） - VIR：垂直整合反射率（单位：平方厘米·千米⁻²） - groundspeed：平均地面速度（单位：米·秒⁻¹） - KBOX_u：地面速度的纬向分量（单位：米·秒⁻¹） - KBOX_v：地面速度的经向分量（单位：米·秒⁻¹） 环志数据（阿普尔多尔岛）： - number_banded：每日捕获并环志的鸟类总数 - net_hours：每日雾网采样总时长（小时） 气象与环境变量（NARR）： 1. 地面与近地面变量：air.sfc、pressure.sfc、msl.pressure、relative.humidity（相对湿度）、visibility（能见度）、windSpeed（风速）、windDir（风向）、uwnd.sfc、vwnd.sfc、precip.rate（降水率）、acc.total.precip（累计总降水量）、evaporation（蒸发量）、total.cloud.cover（总云量）、albedo（反照率）、vegetation（植被）、plant.canopy.water（植物冠层持水量）、snow.cover（积雪覆盖）、cape（对流有效位能，CAPE）、hgt（位势高度）、utc 2. 等压面场变量：uwind_1000_hPa、uwind_950_hPa、uwind_900_hPa；vwind_1000_hPa、vwind_950_hPa、vwind_900_hPa；air_1000_hPa、air_950_hPa、air_900_hPa；omega_1000_hPa、omega_950_hPa、omega_900_hPa；tke_1000_hPa、tke_950_hPa、tke_900_hPa