Pollen morphological analogue of some Himalayan angiosperm species from Arunachal Pradesh, Northeast India

The morphological diversity of pollen grains can provide important information about several aspects of plant science. The pollen morphological database remains scarce in this eastern Himalayan province of the Indian biogeographic zone, despite the rich diversity of angiosperms. The detailed pollen morphometry of various plant taxa from the Arunachal Pradesh region will enhance the palynological database of the eastern Himalaya. Light compound microscopy (LM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were employed to identify and characterize pollen grains. Based on the qualitative and quantitative morphological data of 60 angiosperm species from 35 families, statistical analyses (principal component analysis, cluster analysis, and correlation analysis) were performed, explaining the phylogenetic relationships among these families. In addition to their interrelationships, these morphological data also provide insights into the primary pollination modes (entomophily or anemophily) and the evolutionary trends of pollen grains in these families. Besides, the pollen morphological data of endemic angiosperm species, along with data from other families, could provide preliminary insights into the vegetation and palynology-related research of the eastern Himalayan landscape of Arunachal Pradesh.花粉粒的形态多样性可为植物科学的多个研究领域提供关键参考信息。尽管隶属于印度生物地理区的东喜马拉雅省份拥有丰富的被子植物多样性，但该区域的花粉形态数据库仍相对匮乏。阿鲁纳恰尔邦（Arunachal Pradesh）区域内各类植物类群的详细花粉形态计量学数据，将充实与完善东喜马拉雅地区的孢粉学数据库。本研究采用光学复合显微镜（Light Compound Microscopy, LM）与扫描电子显微镜（Scanning Electron Microscopy, SEM）对花粉粒进行鉴定与特征描述。基于35个科共60种被子植物的定性与定量形态学数据，本研究开展了主成分分析（Principal Component Analysis, PCA）、聚类分析（Cluster Analysis, CA）及相关分析，以阐明这些科之间的系统发育亲缘关系。除揭示类群间的亲缘关系外，这些形态学数据还可揭示这些科的主要传粉模式（虫媒传粉（Entomophily）与风媒传粉（Anemophily））以及花粉粒的演化趋势。此外，阿鲁纳恰尔邦东喜马拉雅区域内特有被子植物的花粉形态数据，结合其他科的相关数据，可为该区域的植被与孢粉学相关研究提供初步参考依据。