Resolution of the Hubble Tension: Evolving Dark Energy from Wave Information

The Hubble tension—the 5σ discrepancy between local measurements of the Hubble constant (73 km/s/Mpc) and early-universe inferences from the CMB (67 km/s/Mpc)—is one of the most significant anomalies in modern cosmology. It suggests either systematic errors or new physics beyond standard ΛCDM.

The canvas model predicts evolving dark energy that naturally reduces the tension. In the canvas model, the cosmological constant is not constant. It is determined by the finite information capacity of the observable universe, bounded by the cosmic horizon. As the horizon grows, the cosmological constant decreases, giving a dark energy equation of state that deviates from w = −1 with a specific redshift dependence.

This evolution modifies the expansion history. At late times, the cosmological constant is smaller than in standard ΛCDM, so the universe expands slightly faster—giving a higher locally measured Hubble constant. The predicted shift in the CMB-inferred value is approximately 3 to 5 km/s/Mpc, bringing it closer to local measurements and substantially reducing the tension.

The prediction requires no new parameters. The evolving dark energy is a direct consequence of the wave information postulate that also sets the present value of the cosmological constant, resolves the flatness and initial entropy problems, and determines the dimensionality of space. It is testable with upcoming surveys including Euclid, the Vera Rubin Observatory, and the Roman Space Telescope.