To quantify visual and retinal changes in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) over 5 years, compared with controls. Thirty-eight patients with BD and 122 healthy subjects underwent visual acuity (VA)
The retina could convert light into neurochemical information that is ultimately transmitted to the brain. The macula is a special structure at the back of the retina in humans and primates. The retin
In many forms of retinal degenerative diseases in human, microglia relocate to and accumulate in the subretinal space. However, the roles of microglia in retinal degeneration are poorly understood. By
Aging and longevity are complex traits influenced by genetic and environmental factors. To identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) that control replicative lifespan, we employed an outbred Saccharomyc
aThe median translocation frequency was determined for each strain from at least 12 independent cultures. Fold differences from the median frequency obtained with the wild type strain with the same su
