Replication Data for: Never Again: The Holocaust and Political Legacies of Genocide

Do individuals previously targeted by genocide become more supportive of other victimized groups? How are these political lessons internalized and passed down across generations? To answer these questions, we leverage original survey data collected among Holocaust survivors in the United States and their descendants, Jews with no immediate family connection to the Holocaust, and non-Jewish Americans. We find that historical victimization is associated with increased support for vulnerable outgroups, generating stable political attitudes that endure across generations. Holocaust survivors are most supportive of aiding refugees, followed by descendants, especially those who grew up discussing the Holocaust with their survivor relatives. An embedded experiment demonstrates the steadfastness of these attitudes: unlike non-Jews or Jews without survivor relatives, survivors' and descendants' views toward refugees do not change after reading an ingroup- versus outgroup-protective interpretation of the ``never again'' imperative. Histories of victimization can play an ameliorative role in intergroup relations.

曾遭受种族灭绝的个体是否会对其他受害群体表现出更高的支持度？这类政治认知是如何被内化并跨代传递的？为解答上述问题，本研究依托针对美国境内大屠杀（Holocaust）幸存者及其后代、与大屠杀无直系亲属关联的犹太裔美国人，以及非犹太裔美国人收集的原创调研数据开展分析。研究发现，历史受害经历与个体对弱势外群体的支持度提升存在显著相关性，由此形成的政治态度可稳定存续并跨代延续。大屠杀幸存者对援助难民的支持意愿最为强烈，其次为其后代——尤其是那些成长过程中曾与身为幸存者的亲属探讨过大屠杀经历的后代。一项嵌入实验验证了此类态度的稳固性：与非犹太裔群体或无幸存者亲属关联的犹太裔不同，大屠杀幸存者及其后代对难民的看法，在阅读针对"永不重演"指令的内群体保护型与外群体保护型解读后并未发生改变。受害经历可在群际关系中起到改善作用。