Infant Stop Signal Anticipation Task

The Stop Signal Anticipation task is adopted from Zandbelt and Vink (Vink et al., 2014, Zandbelt et al., 2008) and is also used as MRI task in the YOUth Child and Adolescent cohort. The Stop Signal Anticipation task measures response inhibition, which is considered an important aspect of behavioral control. In the task, children are instructed to stop a moving bar (a "frog's tongue") at a specific location (go trials) by pressing the space bar. In some trials, the bar stops moving (stop signal) and participants need to inhibit their stopping response. A cue at the beginning of the trial indicates the probability that the bar will stop (a yellow frog meaning the probably of stopping is low, a purple frog if it is high). The onset of the stop signal varies from one trial to the next according to a staircase procedure that is dependent on the participant’s response time (Zandbelt et al., 2008). The children are trained prior to the task to ensure that they understand the instructions. The training takes approximately 5 minutes, task duration is 10 minutes.

停止信号预期任务（Stop Signal Anticipation task）改编自Zandbelt与Vink的研究成果（Vink等人，2014；Zandbelt等人，2008），同时被用作YOUth儿童青少年队列的磁共振成像（MRI）实验任务。该任务用于评估反应抑制能力，而反应抑制被视为行为控制的重要组成部分。在任务中，儿童受试者需通过按压空格键，将移动的条形物（即“蛙舌”）停至指定位置，此类试次被称为执行试次（go trials）。在部分试次中，移动的条形物会自行停止移动（即停止信号（stop signal）），此时受试者需要抑制此前计划做出的按压反应。试次开始时会呈现提示线索，用以告知条形物停止移动的概率：黄色蛙形提示代表停止概率较低，紫色蛙形提示则代表停止概率较高。停止信号的出现时机随试次变化，其采用基于受试者反应时的阶梯法程序（staircase procedure）（Zandbelt等人，2008）。儿童受试者会在正式任务前接受训练，以确保其充分理解任务要求。训练时长约为5分钟，正式任务时长为10分钟。