Replication Data for: \"Civil war violence and competing legitimacy claims: Evidence from district level courts cases in Nepal.\"

Internal armed conflict is the ultimate instantiation of two actors – the state and a nonstate group – challenging the legitimacy of one another. The state primarily responds violently to those who challenge, either violently or non-violently, its legitimacy. To what extent does the violent suppression of rebel activity erode state legitimacy? How does the potential for the use of violence by non-state armed groups and the offer of parallel governance erode state legitimacy? This research develops an argument specific to contested territories where both sides cannot offer model governance but use violence for opposing reasons, namely the rebel group to delegitimize the state and the state to regain its monopoly on the legitimate use of force. Because the use of violence from either side creates a demand for judicial remedies, I conceptualize the degree of legitimacy in terms of the utilization of the state court system in the face of increased violence by the state or non-state armed groups. In line with theoretical expectations, empirical analyses of criminal and civil cases filed in Nepal’s district courts during the Maoist insurgency suggest a statistically significant negative impact of the rebel use of violence and their offer of alternative governance on state legitimacy. Similarly, the state’s use of violence had a negative and significantly detrimental effect on state legitimacy.

国内武装冲突本质上是两类行为体——国家与非国家武装团体（nonstate group）——相互挑战对方合法性的极端体现。对于以暴力或非暴力方式挑战其合法性的行为体，国家通常以暴力手段予以回应。那么，对反叛活动的暴力镇压会在多大程度上削弱国家合法性？非国家武装团体动用暴力的可能性，以及其提供平行治理的行为，又会如何侵蚀国家合法性？
本研究聚焦于双方均无法提供模范治理，却出于对立动机动用暴力的争议领地：反叛团体旨在消解国家合法性，而国家则意在重新夺回合法使用武力的垄断权。鉴于双方动用暴力均会催生司法救济需求，本研究以国家在面临自身或非国家武装团体升级暴力时，民众对国家法院系统（state court system）的使用情况，来量化合法性程度。
契合理论预期的是，对毛主义叛乱（Maoist insurgency）时期尼泊尔地区法院受理的刑事与民事案件的实证分析显示：反叛团体动用暴力及其提供替代性治理的行为，会对国家合法性产生具有统计显著性的负面影响。同样，国家动用暴力也会对国家合法性产生显著的负面影响与破坏性作用。