SAGE Day Reconstruction Method Validation Study 2007 - India

Abstract
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One of the goals of the Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) is to examine and measure the relationship between health and well-being. SAGE is the first study to measure and distinguish between two concepts of well-being: experiential and evaluative, in low and middle income countries. The short version WHO Quality of Life (WHOQOL) instrument was used to measure evaluative well-being. An adapted version of the Day Reconstruction Method (DRM) was used to measure emotional or experiential well-being.
However further substantiation for measuring emotional well-being and adjusting for systematic biases in self-report is required.

Objectives:
1. To compare short versus fullday version of the DRM questionnaire
2. Reproducibility of the questionnaire: test-retest
3. To compare self-report to biological markers of stress and negative emotions

Methods:
The short and fullday versions of the DRM questionnaires were implemented in Jodhpur, Rajasthan, India.
The target sample size was 1560 respondents, 200 respondents on Monday through Saturday and 360 respondents on Sunday.
The version of the short questionnaire was randomly assigned to each selected respondent:
short "morning" (Set A)
short "afternoon" (Set B)
short "evening" (Set C)
short "full day" (Set D).
Each set was assigned to 390 respondents.
The interviewer returned to the same household and respondent one or two weeks later on the same weekday or weekend day for a second interview. On this occasion the full day DRM questionnaire was administered. Interviewers were asked about the previous day (i.e. day prior to the interview) in each interview. Duration of the short version module of the DRM was at most 15 minutes of interview time in total.

Blood samples:
Blood samples were collected after the final interview by dry blood spot(DBS) and venepuncture (i.e. 2 blood samples per respondent - one DBS and one test tube). Protocols for the DBS and venepuncture followed procedures previously used for the SAGE pilot and full survey. The blood samples will be examined for fibrinogen, while also assessing the characteristics of DBS versus venepuncture.

Review of hospital records:
Each respondent was asked if the survey team would be allowed to review their hospital records. Two groups of subjects will be selected and their records reviewed:
1. positives: individuals with a previous diagnosis of any of the 8 conditions included in the fullday questionnaire: arthritis; angina; diabetes; chronic lung disease; asthma; depression; hypertension; cataracts.
2. negatives: matched individuals free of all 8 conditions.
This would allow us to determine the accuracy, reliability and predictive values of self-reported health conditions as part of this survey.

Content:
- Short questionnaire
Section 0100: Contact Record
Section 0500: Housing
Section 0700: Assets and Household Income
Section 1000: Socio-Demographic Characteristics
Section 2000: Health State Descriptions
Section 7000: Subjective Well-Being and Quality of Life (Set A, B, C or D)

- Full Day questionnaire
Section 0100: Contact Record
Section 4000: Chronic Conditions and Health Services Coverage
Section 7000: Subjective Well-Being and Quality of Life

Geographic coverage
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Jodhpur, Rajastan, India

Analysis unit
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individuals

Universe
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The survey covered all de jure household members (usual residents), aged 18 years and above.

Kind of data
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Sample survey data [ssd]

Sampling procedure
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Target sample was 1560 randomly selected respondents:1150 aged 50 years and older and 410 18-49 years.
The sample was stratified by urbanicity, age-groups and sex.
There was oversampling of persons aged 70 years and older.

Mode of data collection
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Face-to-face [f2f]

Research instrument
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The questionnaires for the DRM Validation Study were structured questionnaires based on the Study on Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE) instruments with some modifications and additions.
Questionnaires were developed in English and translated into Hindi.

摘要
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全球老龄化与成人健康研究（SAGE）的宗旨之一是考察和衡量健康与福祉之间的关系。SAGE是首个在低收入和中等收入国家测量并区分两种福祉概念的研究：体验式和评价式。评价式福祉通过简版世界卫生组织生活质量（WHOQOL）量表进行测量，而情感或体验式福祉则通过改编后的每日重建法（DRM）进行测量。然而，对于情感福祉的测量以及调整自我报告中的系统性偏差仍需进一步证实。

目标：
1. 比较DRM问卷的简版与全日版
2. 问卷的可重复性：测试-重测
3. 比较自我报告与生物标志物中的压力和负面情绪

方法：
DRM问卷的简版与全日版在印度拉贾斯坦邦的焦特布尔实施。目标样本量为1560名受访者，周一至周六每天200名，周日360名。简版问卷随机分配给每位选定的受访者：
简版“上午”（集合A）、简版“下午”（集合B）、简版“晚上”（集合C）、简版“全天”（集合D）。每个集合分配给390名受访者。
调查员在一周或两周后回到同一家庭和受访者，在同一天或周末进行第二次访谈。此次访谈时使用全日版DRM问卷。调查员被要求在每次访谈中报告前一天的情况（即访谈前一天）。DRM简版模块的总访谈时间不超过15分钟。

血液样本：
在最终访谈后，通过干血斑（DBS）和静脉穿刺（即每位受访者两个血液样本——一个DBS和一个试管）收集血液样本。DBS和静脉穿刺的方案遵循了SAGE试点和全面调查中先前使用的程序。血液样本将用于检查纤维蛋白原，同时评估DBS与静脉穿刺的特点。

医院记录审查：
每位受访者被问及是否允许调查团队审查其医院记录。将选择两组受试者并审查其记录：
1. 阳性组：以前被诊断为全日问卷中包含的8种条件之一的个体：关节炎、心绞痛、糖尿病、慢性肺部疾病、哮喘、抑郁症、高血压、白内障。
2. 阴性组：无上述8种条件匹配的个体。这将使我们能够确定自我报告的健康状况作为本调查一部分的准确性、可靠性和预测值。

内容：
- 简版问卷
部分0100：联系记录
部分0500：住房
部分0700：资产和家庭收入
部分1000：社会人口特征
部分2000：健康状况描述
部分7000：主观福祉和生活质量（集合A、B、C或D）

- 全日问卷
部分0100：联系记录
部分4000：慢性疾病和医疗服务覆盖范围
部分7000：主观福祉和生活质量

地理覆盖范围
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印度拉贾斯坦邦焦特布尔

分析单元
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个体

总体
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调查涵盖了所有法定家庭成员（常住居民），年龄在18岁及以上。

数据类型
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样本调查数据[ssd]

抽样程序
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目标样本为1560名随机选定的受访者：1150名50岁及以上和410名18-49岁。样本按城市性、年龄组和性别分层。对70岁及以上的人进行了超抽样。

数据收集方式
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面对面[f2f]

研究工具
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DRM验证研究的问题表是基于老龄化与成人健康研究（SAGE）工具的结构化问卷，经过一些修改和补充。问卷用英语开发，并翻译成印地语。