Data from: Discovery of a critical time point in the development and handling of an orchard pollinator, the blue orchard bee (Osmia lignaria, Hymenoptera: Megachilidae)

A native solitary bee to North America, the blue orchard bee (Osmia lignaria Say, Hymenoptera: Megachilidae) is a crucial pollinator for orchard crops such as apples, almonds, and cherries. Osmia lignaria is often managed commercially and sold to complement honey bee pollination services.We collected data following an accidental drop of developing immature bees inside their cocoons. These bees were part of a larger experiment performed in 2020. On June 17, 2020, bees were dropped approximately one meter onto a linoleum floor at the USDA-ARS-PWA Pollinating Insect Research Unit in Logan, Utah, USA. Developing bees were in gelatin capsules and attached to a sticky board for X-ray imaging. Using a board from the same study that had not fallen, we compared survival, life stages, and bodily injuries to document the effects of dropping immature O. lignaria a short distance.Our research highlights the risks of handling immature O. lignaria during metamorphosis. Our data provides valuable information for bee managers and researchers about the risks of physical disturbances during critical developmental stages, which could affect bee survival and pollination services in orchards.Key findings include: (1) Near-complete mortality of developing bees before the adult molt stage, (2) Insights into the vulnerability of O. lignaria during immature developmental stages, even when inside cocoons, and (3) Documentation of how mechanical injury during immature development impacts survival.The dataset provides counts of bees in different life stages and conditions, including: (1) Life status (alive or dead) at cocoon completion, pupation, and adult molt stages, (2) Sex determination for bees that reached adulthood (male or female), (3) Final life stage reached (prepupa, pupa, or adult), and (4) Body condition after the fall (malformed, melanized, no observable change, or partially melanized).Additional variables in the dataset include: (1) Sample identifiers, treatment groups, and X-ray board identifiers from the original experiment and (2) Whether the board was dropped or not.Abbreviations and acronyms in the datasetSample_ID = sample identifier (one for each individual bee)Treatment = treatment groups from the original experimentCONTROL = received a sham treatment (sterilized Ringer's Solution)VIRUS = received a virus inoculate (virus particles in Ringer's Solution)OSS10 = received organosilicon (OSS) at 10 parts per million (ppm) (diluted in Ringer's Solution)OSS100 = received OSS at 100 ppm (diluted in Ringer's Solution)OSS10V = received a virus inoculate and OSS at 10 ppmOSS100V = received a virus inoculate and OSS at 100 ppmXray_board = sticky board identifier, which stick board were samples attached to from the original experimentLifeCategory_Cocoon = life status at the time of cocoon completionLifeCategory_Pupa = life status at the time of pupationLifeCategory_Adult = life status at the time of the adult moltSex = sex determined for bees that reached the adult stageOrg_Stage = final life stage reached by beesBody_Category = body condition determined after samples were droppedBoard_Drop = whether the samples analyzed were from dropped vs. not dropped sticky boards原产于北美的独居蜂类蓝果园蜂（Osmia lignaria Say，膜翅目：切叶蜂科），是苹果、扁桃、樱桃等果园作物的关键传粉昆虫。该蜂常被商业化繁育并售卖，用以补充蜜蜂的传粉服务。本数据集的样本源自2020年一项大型实验中，发育中的未成熟蜂体（处于茧内）意外掉落的事件，我们据此采集了相关数据。2020年6月17日，在美国犹他州洛根市USDA-ARS-PWA传粉昆虫研究室，研究人员将蜂体从约1米高度掷落在油毡地板上。当时实验中的发育中蜂体被置于明胶胶囊内，并粘附于粘板上以进行X射线成像。我们以同批次实验中未掉落的粘板作为对照，对比分析蜂体的存活率、发育阶段与躯体损伤情况，以量化短距离掉落对未成熟蓝果园蜂的影响。本研究凸显了在变态发育阶段处理未成熟蓝果园蜂的潜在风险。本数据集可为蜂类繁育管理者与科研人员提供关键参考：在蜂体发育的关键阶段施加物理扰动，可能会影响蜂群存活率与果园传粉服务效果，相关风险可通过本数据得到量化评估。核心研究结果如下：(1) 成虫羽化前的发育蜂体死亡率接近100%；(2) 即便处于茧内，未成熟阶段的蓝果园蜂仍具有极高的发育脆弱性；(3) 明确了未成熟发育阶段机械损伤对蜂体存活率的影响机制。本数据集统计了不同发育阶段与生存状态的蜂体数量，具体包含：(1) 结茧期、化蛹期及成虫羽化阶段的蜂体存活状态（存活或死亡）；(2) 成功羽化为成虫的蜂体的性别（雄性或雌性）；(3) 蜂体最终达到的发育阶段（预蛹、蛹或成虫）；(4) 掉落事件后的躯体状态（畸形、黑化、无明显变化或部分黑化）。数据集内还包含以下额外变量：(1) 原始实验中的样本标识符、处理组信息及X射线成像粘板标识符；(2) 对应粘板是否发生掉落。数据集内所用缩写与首字母缩略词如下：Sample_ID：样本标识符（对应每一只独立蜂体）；Treatment：原始实验中的处理分组；CONTROL：对照组（施加假处理，即注射灭菌林格液）；VIRUS：病毒处理组（注射含病毒颗粒的林格液）；OSS10：10ppm有机硅（OSS）处理组（以林格液稀释）；OSS100：100ppm有机硅（OSS）处理组（以林格液稀释）；OSS10V：病毒接种+10ppm OSS联合处理组；OSS100V：病毒接种+100ppm OSS联合处理组；Xray_board：粘板标识符，对应原始实验中粘附样本的粘板；LifeCategory_Cocoon：结茧完成时的蜂体存活状态；LifeCategory_Pupa：化蛹阶段的蜂体存活状态；LifeCategory_Adult：成虫羽化阶段的蜂体存活状态；Sex：成功羽化至成虫阶段的蜂体性别；Org_Stage：蜂体最终达到的发育阶段；Body_Category：样本掉落事件后的躯体状态；Board_Drop：对应样本是否来自掉落粘板的分组标识。