THE FUNCTIONAL STATE OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

Despite over the past few decades incidence and mortality rates of cardiovascular disease are declining in many countries, there are currently still about 126 million cases of ischemic heart disease (IHD) in the world. IHD also remains one of the leading causes of death, accounting for over 9 million deaths per year worldwide. The aim of this review is to provide a detailed and updated description of the role of sport and physical activity both in primary prevention and secondary prevention. A child's body differs from an adult in rapid growth and development, active formation of organs and systems. Regular training in childhood increases the functional and adaptive reserves of the body, promotes health, and increases physical and mental performance [3]. Changes in the cardiovascular system, detected using functional diagnostics methods, are a kind of indicator of the adaptive activity of the whole body. The central link of the entire circulatory system is the heart, the functional state of which is also reflected in the electrical and mechanical manifestations of its activity [4]尽管近几十年来，诸多国家的心血管疾病发病率与死亡率均呈下降态势，但目前全球仍有约1.26亿缺血性心脏病（ischemic heart disease, IHD）患者。缺血性心脏病亦为全球主要致死病因之一，每年造成超900万人死亡。本综述旨在详细且最新地阐述体育运动与身体活动在一级预防及二级预防中的作用。儿童机体处于快速生长发育阶段，器官与系统正处于活跃构建过程，与成人机体存在显著差异。儿童时期规律的运动锻炼可提升机体的功能与适应储备，增进健康水平，并改善身心表现[3]。借助功能诊断手段检出的心血管系统变化，可作为整体机体适应活动的一类指标。心脏作为全身循环系统的核心枢纽，其功能状态可通过自身活动的电活动与机械力学表现得以反映[4]。