Dataset on bee performance and multiple pressures accompanying the manuscript: Pesticides are the top readily addressable threat to bees across Europe

This data set accompanies the manuscript Pesticides are the top readily addressable threat to bees across Europe and provides information on bee performance measures and multiple environmental pressures. Data were obtained within the EU Horizon 2020 project PoshBee in 2019 across eight countries and a toal of 128 sites located in apple orchards and next to oilseed rape fields. Three documents provide the respective information for three different bee species: the western honey bee (Apis mellifera L.; HoneyBee.csv), the buff-tailed bumble bee (Bombus terrestris L.; BumbleBee.csv), and red mason bee (Osmia bicornis L.; RedMasonBee.csv). Measures of bee performance Honey bees: Change in the number of adults since deployment (Growth); change in the number of pollen cells since deployment (PollenCells). Bumble bees: Relative proportion of number of new queens to workers and males (Queen_prop); Absolut number of new queens produces (Queen_prod); maximum colony weight change since deployment (Growth); number of nectar and pollen cells at termination (PollenCells, NectarCells). Red mason bees: Offspring survival rate (Survival); offspring weight (Weight); nest colonisation rate (Colonisation). Environmental pressures Landscape characteristics: Proportion of bee-friendly habitat (BeeHab); Number of habitat patches (NP); Interspersion juxtaposition index (IJI). Climate: Long-term mean annual temperature (Temp); lon-term annual precipitation sum (Precip). Pesticide risk: Summed toxicity-weighted pesticide concentrations (Pesticides). Nutrition: Diversity of bee-collected pollen (PollenDiv); protein/lipid ratio of bee-collected pollen (P/L-Ratio). Pathogens: Pathogen index comprising six RNA viruses, two bacteria, three microsporidia from adults (Pathogens).本数据集配套于学术论文《Pesticides are the top readily addressable threat to bees across Europe》（暂译：《农药为欧洲境内对蜜蜂最易防控的首要威胁》），涵盖蜜蜂性能指标与多重环境压力相关信息。 数据集采集自2019年欧盟地平线2020（EU Horizon 2020）计划旗下PoshBee项目，覆盖8个国家共计128个样地，所有样地均设于苹果园及油菜田周边区域。 本数据集包含三份数据文件，分别对应三类蜜蜂物种：西方蜜蜂（western honey bee, Apis mellifera L.；对应文件HoneyBee.csv）、黄尾熊蜂（buff-tailed bumble bee, Bombus terrestris L.；对应文件BumbleBee.csv）以及红壁蜂（Osmia bicornis L.；对应文件RedMasonBee.csv）。 一、蜜蜂性能指标 1. 西方蜜蜂：部署后成虫数量变化量（Growth）；部署后花粉巢房数量变化量（PollenCells）。 2. 黄尾熊蜂：新蜂王与工蜂、雄蜂的数量相对占比（Queen_prop）；新增蜂王绝对数量（Queen_prod）；部署后蜂群最大重量变化量（Growth）；试验结束时花蜜巢房与花粉巢房数量（PollenCells、NectarCells）。 3. 红壁蜂：后代存活率（Survival）；后代体重（Weight）；营巢定植率（Colonisation）。 二、环境压力因子 1. 景观特征：蜜蜂友好型栖息地占比（BeeHab）；栖息地斑块数量（Number of habitat patches, NP）；散布并列指数（Interspersion Juxtaposition Index, IJI）。 2. 气候：长期年平均气温（Temp）；长期年降水总量（Precip）。 3. 农药风险：毒性加权农药总浓度（Pesticides）。 4. 营养状况：蜜蜂采集花粉的多样性（PollenDiv）；蜜蜂采集花粉的蛋白质/脂质比（P/L-Ratio）。 5. 病原体：涵盖成虫体内6种RNA病毒、2种细菌、3种微孢子虫的病原体指数（Pathogens）。