Evolution of wing shape in geometrid moths: phylogenetic effects dominate over ecology

Locomotory performance is an important determinant of fitness in most animals, including flying insects. Strong selective pressures on wing morphology are therefore expected. Previous studies on wing shape in Lepidoptera have found some support for hypotheses relating wing shape to environment-specific selective pressures on aerodynamic performance. Here, we present a phylogenetic comparative study on wing shape in the lepidopteran family Geometridae, covering all 374 species of the northern European fauna. We focused on eleven wing traits including aspect ratio, wing roundness, and the pointedness of the apex, as well as the ratio of forewing and hindwing areas. All measures were taken from images available on the internet, using a combination of tools available in Fiji software and in R. We found that wing shape demonstrates a phylogenetically conservative pattern of evolution in Geometridae, showing similar or greater phylogenetic signal than many of its potential predictors. Several..., For methods, see the article: Ude, K., Õunap, E., Kaasik, A., Davis, R.B., Javoiš, J., Nedumpally, V., Foerster, S.I.A. & Tammaru, T. (2024). Evolution of wing shape in geometrid moths: phylogenetic effects dominate over ecology, Journal of Evolutionary Biology, 2024, voae033, https://doi.org/10.1093/jeb/voae033, , # **Evolution of wing shape in geometrid moths: phylogenetic effects dominate over ecology**

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.3bk3j9ksh](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.3bk3j9ksh)

The dataset contains wing shape and body size measurements, and ecological data of 374 Northern European geometrid moths (Geometridae) used to study the evolution of wing shape. It also includes the phylogenetic tree of geometrids used in the comparative analysis.

The dataset contains 4 files, as described below.

* phylogeny.txt

The ultrametric phylogenetic tree comprises of 458 species of geometrids, and 37 species from various other families of Macroheterocera used as an outgroup.

* wing_shape_traits.csv

Contains wing shape measurements of 374 species of geometrids, separated by sex. Values are missing (NA) for flightless females. Columns are described below:

\"AR\" = aspect ratio; length of the longest line segment drawn from wing base to apex (span segment) divided by the length of the longest perpen...

运动性能是包括飞行昆虫在内的多数动物适合度的重要决定因素，因此翼形会受到强烈的选择压力。此前针对鳞翅目（Lepidoptera）翼形的研究，已为“翼形与针对空气动力学性能的环境特异性选择压力相关”这一假说提供了部分支持。本研究开展了一项关于尺蛾科（Geometridae）翼形的系统发育比较研究，涵盖北欧动物区系全部374种尺蛾。我们聚焦于11项翼部性状，包括展弦比、翼圆度、翅尖尖锐度，以及前翅与后翅的面积比。所有测量数据均来自互联网公开图像，结合使用Fiji软件与R语言中的工具完成。研究发现，尺蛾科的翼形演化呈现系统发育保守模式，其系统发育信号强度高于或等同于多数潜在预测因子。多项[内容未完]，相关方法详见论文：Ude, K., Õunap, E., Kaasik, A., Davis, R.B., Javoiš, J., Nedumpally, V., Foerster, S.I.A. & Tammaru, T. (2024). 尺蛾的翼形演化：系统发育效应主导生态效应，《进化生物学杂志》（Journal of Evolutionary Biology）, 2024, voae033, https://doi.org/10.1093/jeb/voae033

# **尺蛾的翼形演化：系统发育效应主导生态效应**

https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.3bk3j9ksh

本数据集包含用于翼形演化研究的374种北欧尺蛾（尺蛾科）的翼形、体型测量数据及生态数据，同时包含比较分析所用的尺蛾系统发育树。

数据集共包含4个文件，详情如下：
* phylogeny.txt
该超度量系统发育树包含458种尺蛾，以及来自大型异角亚目（Macroheterocera）其他多个类群的37个物种作为外类群。
* wing_shape_traits.csv
包含374种尺蛾的翼形测量数据，按性别区分。无飞行能力的雌性个体的数值以缺失值（NA）表示。各列说明如下：
"AR" = 展弦比：从翅基至翅尖绘制的最长线段（翅展段）长度，除以最长垂直……