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The global deployment of 5G mobile networks has followed a progressive and strategic approach, depending on regional characteristics. This study develops a reference framework to prioritize areas for deployment, considering technical, sociodemographic, geographic, and economic criteria. The methodology integrates multi-criteria decision-making techniques such as AHP, CRITIC, TOPSIS, and SAW to evaluate and prioritize alternatives. This framework was applied to the municipalities of the Magdalena department in Colombia. The AHP results indicate that technical criteria are the most relevant in the selection process, with a weight of 34.3%, followed by sociodemographic criteria at 33.6%, geographic criteria at 19.47%, and economic criteria at 12.63%. A high similarity in municipality prioritization was observed, with a correlation of ρ = 0.9897 according to Spearman’s coefficient. Using TOPSIS and SAW, the municipality of Ciénaga ranks first, given that the sub-criteria of population size, area, and 4G coverage hold the highest relevance in the selection process, with percentages of 13.13%, 12.16%, and 11.12%, respectively, while the municipalities of Fundación and Plato alternate between second and third place. On the other hand, La Zona Bananera ranks fourth and fifth. To assess the model’s robustness against variability in the criterion weights, a sensitivity analysis was conducted using the Monte Carlo method with 10,000 iterations. The results indicate that the ranking remains stable, with an average correlation of ρ = 0.9010 between the rankings obtained with SAW and the final ranking using TOPSIS. The influence of high-weight and highly correlated sub-criteria was also assessed. Rankings from AHP-SAW and AHP-TOPSIS were compared with CRITIC-SAW and CRITIC-TOPSIS, yielding correlations of 0.98 and 0.76, respectively. It can be concluded that the deployment of 5G networks can be systematically prioritized based on the mentioned criteria, using a model that remains stable despite changes in criterion weights.全球5G移动网络的部署遵循渐进式且兼具战略性的实施路径，需结合各区域的自身特征推进。本研究构建了一套用于确定5G网络优先部署区域的参考框架，综合考量技术、社会人口、地理与经济四类评判准则。本研究的方法体系整合了多准则决策分析技术，包括层次分析法（Analytic Hierarchy Process, AHP）、CRITIC权重法（Criteria Importance Through Intercriteria Correlation）、逼近理想解排序法（Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution, TOPSIS）以及简单加权法（Simple Additive Weighting, SAW），以此对备选区域开展评估与优先级排序。该框架已应用于哥伦比亚马格达莱纳省的各市县。层次分析法的结果显示，技术准则在选址决策中权重占比最高，达34.3%；其次为社会人口准则（33.6%）、地理准则（19.47%）与经济准则（12.63%）。各市县的优先级排序结果呈现高度一致性，经斯皮尔曼相关系数计算，相关系数ρ=0.9897。借助TOPSIS与SAW方法，西恩加市（Ciénaga）位列首位，这是因为人口规模、区域面积与4G覆盖度这三项子准则在评选中占据最高权重，占比分别为13.13%、12.16%与11.12%；丰西翁市（Fundación）与普拉托市（Plato）则在第二、三名的位次间交替。另一方面，拉班纳拉地区（La Zona Bananera）的排名处于第四与第五位。为评估准则权重变动下的模型鲁棒性，本研究采用蒙特卡洛（Monte Carlo）方法开展了10000次迭代的敏感性分析。结果表明，模型的排序结果保持稳定，基于SAW方法得到的排序结果与TOPSIS最终排序结果的平均相关系数ρ=0.9010。研究同时评估了高权重且高度相关的子准则对排序结果的影响：将AHP-SAW与AHP-TOPSIS的排序结果分别与CRITIC-SAW、CRITIC-TOPSIS的排序结果进行对比，二者的相关系数分别为0.98与0.76。综上可知，依托上述四类准则，可通过本研究所提出的模型系统性地完成5G网络部署区域的优先级划分，且该模型即便在准则权重发生变动时，仍能保持稳定的排序性能。