Soil composition, phenotypic and genetic data to: Adaptive differentiation on serpentine soil in diploid versus autotetraploid populations of Biscutella laevigata (Brassicaceae)

Serpentine soils exhibit extreme properties (e.g. high magnesium content) influencing plant growth and survival and have been repeatedly documented to promote adaptive edaphic differentiation in plants. Individuals from four pairs of nearby diploid and autotetraploid populations of Biscutella laevigata sampled on serpentine vs non-serpentine soils in a factorial design are used to assess the genetic and phenotypic changes associated with edaphic origin and ploidy level. Individual samples from natural populations were subjected to soil elemental analysis and genotyping using restriction site-associated DNA sequences (RAD-seq) to link genetic variation with contrasting soils and ploidy levels. In diploids, genetic variation was consistent with demographic contraction and a pattern of isolation by environment with respect to the ratio of calcium / magnesium concentrations, whereas tetraploids presented evidence of expansion with limited edaphic differentiation. The genetic basis of tolera..., Field sampling of material was conducted in proximate pairs of Biscutella laevigata populations growing either on serpentine or non-serpentine soils. These covered four diploid populations (B. laevigata subsp. kerneri Mach.-Laur.) in the Wachau region of Austria and four tetraploid populations (B. laevigata subsp. laevigata L.) in the Swiss Alps around Davos and Arolla. At each site, eight randomly selected individuals growing at a minimum distance of 3 m apart were georeferenced using a GPS receiver and sampled for silica gel-dried leaves, open-pollinated seeds and > 10 g of soil next to the main root.
Soil samples were dried at 65°C for 24h, sieved with a 1 mm-sized mesh, and 10 g of each sample was mixed with 30 mL of 1M ammonia acetate at pH 7. After 2h of shaking, the suspension was filtered and diluted (between 1:100 and 1:1000) with distilled water prior to analyses. Cation exchange capacity was assessed quantitatively by using inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spect..., , # Soil composition, phenotypic and genetic data to: Adaptive differentiation on serpentine soil in diploid versus autotetraploid populations of *Biscutella laevigata* (Brassicaceae)

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.hx3ffbgkj](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.hx3ffbgkj)

The dataset contains elemental compositon of soil immediately surrounding *Biscutella laevigata* individuals growing on eight serpentine/non-serpentine sites in Austria and Switzerland and phenotypic traits measured on *B. laevigata* individuals in hydroponic cultivation mimicking the specific chemistry of serpentine vs. non-serpentine soils. We also provide the input data used in population genetic analyses and an overview of the raw sequencing reads deposited in the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) for 63 *B. laevigata* individuals sampled on the eight sites and genotyped using ddRAD-seq.

## Description of the data and file structure

The attached spreadsheet \"Bürki_et_al_2023_primary_data.xlsx\" consists of the following...

蛇纹岩土壤（serpentine soils）具有极端理化特性（如高镁含量），可显著影响植物的生长与存活，且已有多项研究证实其能够驱动植物产生适应性土壤分化。本研究采用因子设计，对分布于蛇纹岩与非蛇纹岩土壤中的4组邻近二倍体和同源四倍体群体的弯南芥（*Biscutella laevigata*）个体进行采样，以评估与土壤来源及倍性水平相关的遗传和表型变化。对自然群体的个体样本开展土壤元素分析，并利用限制性酶切位点相关DNA测序（restriction site-associated DNA sequencing, RAD-seq）进行基因分型，从而关联遗传变异与不同土壤环境及倍性水平之间的联系。在二倍体群体中，遗传变异符合种群收缩模式，且沿钙镁浓度比呈现环境隔离的分布特征；而四倍体群体则表现出种群扩张的迹象，且土壤适应性分化程度有限。耐受性的遗传基础……

野外采样工作在生长于蛇纹岩或非蛇纹岩土壤的弯南芥群体邻近配对样地中开展。本次采样涵盖奥地利瓦豪地区的4个二倍体群体（*B. laevigata* subsp. *kerneri* Mach.-Laur.），以及瑞士达沃斯与阿罗拉周边阿尔卑斯山区的4个四倍体群体（*B. laevigata* subsp. *laevigata* L.）。在每个样地，我们随机选取8株间距至少3米的个体，通过GPS接收机进行地理定位，并采集硅胶干燥的叶片、开放授粉的种子，以及主根附近大于10克的土壤样本。

土壤样品置于65℃下烘干24小时，经1mm孔径筛网过筛后，称取10克样品与30毫升pH值为7的1mol/L醋酸铵溶液混合。振荡2小时后，将悬浮液过滤并以蒸馏水稀释（稀释比例为1:100至1:1000）后进行分析。阳离子交换量通过电感耦合等离子体-光发射光谱法（inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectrometry）……

# 土壤组成、表型与遗传数据：弯南芥（十字花科）二倍体与同源四倍体群体在蛇纹岩土壤上的适应性分化
[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.hx3ffbgkj]

本数据集包含奥地利与瑞士8个蛇纹岩/非蛇纹岩样地中生长的弯南芥个体周边土壤的元素组成数据，以及在模拟蛇纹岩与非蛇纹岩土壤特定化学特性的水培栽培条件下测得的弯南芥个体表型性状数据。此外，本数据集还提供了群体遗传分析所用的输入数据，以及存于欧洲核苷酸档案馆（European Nucleotide Archive, ENA）的63株弯南芥个体的原始测序reads概况，这些个体采自上述8个样地，并通过双酶切RAD测序（ddRAD-seq）完成基因分型。

## 数据与文件结构说明
附带的电子表格"Bürki_et_al_2023_primary_data.xlsx"包含以下内容……