Beyond the Inclusive Possibility: Understanding Human Trafficking in the Unexplored Directions. An Explorative Assessment in the Indian Context

Objectives: To study human trafficking and its typology, and various socio-cultural, political, economical triggers responsible for this sinister social reality, and also analyze gender and age-based victimization’ also simultaneously examine the international and domestic laws to combat human trafficking and its implementable capacities. Subjects and methods: The proposed examination was an exploratory, qualitative sample-based survey study. The body of data analyzed was mustered up from multiple sources, primarily from the students of University level enrolled in various studies, including social workers, community activists through convenient and judgmental sampling spread over 6 months, and the contents were analyzed. Results: Various socio-cultural, political, and economic grounds were observed for human trafficking for its various heinous purposes. Gender-based victimization and age-based victimization in the version of child trafficking were the prominent findings. The loopholes and shortcomings in various laws to shackle human trafficking were discovered. It was also further examined that most of the laws and socio-cultural ambiance are not victim-friendly and do not stop secondary victimization of the trafficked victims. Conclusion: Human trafficking has wide-ranging socio-cultural, economical, environmental, and political triggers in India; which have continued for a huge span of time in many parts and locations of the country. The nature of most of the problems resembles that in many other parts of the world. The present status and higher vulnerability of women and children in the domain of human trafficking for various purposes primarily for sexual exploitation and for cheap labor purposes suggest the need to improve legal, socio-cultural, economic, political, ecological, environmental, and developmental methods along with focused attention to local community involvement and participation.

研究目标：本研究旨在探讨人口贩运（human trafficking）及其类型学特征，剖析引发这一邪恶社会现象的各类社会文化、政治与经济动因，同时分析基于性别与年龄的受害情况，并同步审视打击人口贩运的国际国内法律及其执行能力。

研究对象与方法：本研究采用探索性定性抽样调查研究设计。所分析的数据均来自多源渠道，通过便利抽样与判断抽样，历时6个月收集自各专业在读高校学生、社会工作者及社区活动人士，并对相关内容开展系统性分析。

研究结果：研究发现，人口贩运的各类恶劣行径背后存在多样的社会文化、政治与经济动因；其中基于性别的受害情况以及儿童贩运场景下基于年龄的受害情况为核心发现。同时发现当前用于遏制人口贩运的各类法律存在漏洞与缺陷。进一步研究显示，多数法律及社会文化环境均未体现对受害者的友好性，无法阻止贩运受害者遭遇二次受害。

研究结论：印度的人口贩运存在广泛的社会文化、经济、环境与政治动因，且在该国诸多地区长期存在。该国多数问题的本质与全球其他地区的同类问题具有相似性。当前妇女与儿童在各类人口贩运活动中（主要为性剥削与廉价劳动力剥削场景）的受害现状及更高脆弱性，表明亟需完善法律、社会文化、经济、政治、生态环境与发展层面的治理举措，并重点关注本地社区的参与与投入。