NEFSC oceanographic profile (hydrography) data from multiple cruises in the the Gulf of Maine and Georges Bank, Northeast Continental Shelf of the United States from 1977-2009 (Hydrography project)

<p>Since 1977, the Northeast Fisheries Science Center has been collecting hydrographic data on the northeast US continental shelf in support of efforts to understand how the components of this ecosystem influence the distribution, abundance, and productivity of living marine resources. Temperature and salinity profile data are collected on all Northeast Fisheries Science Center cruises, amounting to nearly 2000 profiles collected each year on the northeast continental shelf from Cape Hatteras to the Gulf of Maine. The data are collected aboard a variety of vessels, but most regularly from the Delaware II, HB Bigelow. The data are used to characterize baseline conditions on the shelf, as documented in annual summaries of regional average temperature and salinity, surface and bottom property distributions and their anomalies relative to a consistent reference (<a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.nefsc.noaa.gov/HydroAtlas\">http://www.nefsc.noaa.gov/HydroAtlas</a>.) The data have been and continue to be used to monitor the seasonal to inter-annual variability of water properties on the northeast US continental shelf.</p>
<p>These data are also accessible directly from the National Marine Fisheries Center <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.nefsc.noaa.gov/epd/ocean/MainPage/ioos.html\">http://www.nefsc.noaa.gov/epd/ocean/MainPage/ioos.html</a> and from the National Oceanographic Data Center at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/\">http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/</a>. Some of the data are also available from the Canadian Marine Environmental Data Service (MEDS) at <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"http://www.meds-sdmm.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/isdm-gdsi/index-eng.html\">http://www.meds-sdmm.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/isdm-gdsi/index-eng.html </a>.</p>
<div>It is requested that people use the following standard acknowledgement when publishing or presenting results that utilize NMFS data extracted from BCO-DMO. &nbsp;</div>
<div><br />
&nbsp;</div>
<div>&quot;This study utilized data collected by the NOAA's Northeast Fisheries Science Center as part of an ongoing mission to monitor and assess the Northeast Continental Shelf ecosystem.&quot;</div>
<p>The null values of '999' were replaced with 'nd'.</p>
<p>A unique purpose code has been assigned to each survey, identifying the Northeast Fisheries Science Center program or larger national program to which those data are associated.</p>
<pre>
Purpose Codes:
01 BLUEFISH SURVEY
02 LOBSTER SURVEY
03 COD SPAWNING SURVEY
04 COOPERATIVE RESEARCH SURVEY - GOOSEFISH
05 COOPERATIVE RESEARCH SURVEY - IBS COD
06 COOPERATIVE RESEARCH SURVEY - IBS YELLOWTAIL
07 COOPERATIVE RESEARCH SURVEY - GEAR SELECTIVITY STUDY
10 NMFS NEFSC BOTTOM TRAWL SURVEY
11 MASSACHUSETTS DMF BOTTOM TRAWL SURVEY
12 NMFS NEFSC HERRING BOTTOM TRAWL SURVEY
13 NMFS NEFSC MISCELLANEOUS BOTTOM TRAWL SURVEY
14 BIOME STATIONS
15 SCOTIAN SHELF REVISION
16 NMFS ACOUSTICS SURVEY
17 DEEPWATER SYSTEMATICS
19 EXPERIMENTAL GEAR TEST
20 GLOBEC BROADSCALE SURVEY
21 GLOBEC PROCESS STUDY
22 ECOSYSTEM MONITORING
23 MARMAP
24 LARVAL HERRING SURVEY
25 12-MILE DUMPSITE
26 ICNAF LARVAL HERRING SURVEY
27 WARM CORE RING CRUISE
28 COLTON CRUISE
29 STVOR CRUISE
30 FOREIGN BOTTOM TRAWL SURVEY
31 FOREIGN PELAGIC TRAWL SURVEY
32 FOREIGN MACKEREL SURVEY
33 FOREIGN FEEDING ECOLOGY
35 MISCELLANEOUS FOREIGN SURVEY
36 FOREIGN HERRING BOTTOM TRAWL SURVEY
37 FOREIGN SCALLOP SURVEY
38 FOREIGN GEAR CRUISE
40 NMFS NEFSC SHRIMP SURVEY
50 NMFS NEFSC CLAM AND QUAHOG SURVEY
60 NMFS NEFSC SEA SCALLOP SURVEY
70 NMFS NEFSC GEAR COMPARISON
71 NMFS GEAR/SENSOR TESTING AND MENSURATION
80 FOOD CHAIN DYNAMICS FEEDING ECOLOGY SURVEY
81 COASTAL OCEAN PROGRAM
82 APEX PREDATOR SURVEY
90 MISCELLANEOUS NON-RANDOM RESOURCE INVESTIGATION CRUISE
91 BENTHIC HABITAT STUDY
93 MARINE MAMMAL SURVEY</pre>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Occasionally, a cruise identifier (or opsid) contains more than one part. For example, ALB0301, actually consists of five (5) opsid's. This is because multiple hardware breakdowns during the cruise required that the ship return to port. Because these port visits spanned many days, different opsid's were assigned to each contiguous leg of the cruise.</p>

自1977年起，美国东北渔业科学中心（Northeast Fisheries Science Center）便开始采集美国东北大陆架的水文数据，旨在解析该生态系统各组分如何影响海洋生物资源的分布、丰度与生产力。该中心所有科考航次均会采集温度与盐度剖面数据，每年在从哈特拉斯角至缅因湾的东北大陆架海域可收集近2000条剖面数据。数据采集依托多种船舶开展，其中以Delaware II号与HB Bigelow号最为常规。此类数据被用于表征大陆架的基线环境状况，相关成果已在区域平均温盐、表层与底层水体属性分布及其相对于统一参考基准的异常值年度总结报告中得以记录（详见<a target="_blank" href="http://www.nefsc.noaa.gov/HydroAtlas">http://www.nefsc.noaa.gov/HydroAtlas</a>）。该数据集已并将持续用于监测美国东北大陆架水体属性的季节至年际变化。

此类数据亦可直接从美国国家海洋渔业中心（National Marine Fisheries Center）获取，对应链接为：<a target="_blank" href="http://www.nefsc.noaa.gov/epd/ocean/MainPage/ioos.html">http://www.nefsc.noaa.gov/epd/ocean/MainPage/ioos.html</a>；同时可从美国国家海洋资料中心（National Oceanographic Data Center）获取，链接为：<a target="_blank" href="http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/">http://www.nodc.noaa.gov/</a>。部分数据还可通过加拿大海洋环境数据服务处（Marine Environmental Data Service, MEDS）获取，其官方链接为：<a target="_blank" href="http://www.meds-sdmm.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/isdm-gdsi/index-eng.html">http://www.meds-sdmm.dfo-mpo.gc.ca/isdm-gdsi/index-eng.html</a>。

请使用者在发表或展示使用了从BCO-DMO提取的美国国家海洋渔业局（National Marine Fisheries Service, NMFS）数据的成果时，遵循以下标准致谢表述：“本研究使用了美国国家海洋和大气管理局（National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, NOAA）东北渔业科学中心作为东北大陆架生态系统监测与评估长期任务的一部分所采集的数据。”

原空值'999'已被替换为'nd'。

每项调查均已分配唯一的用途代码，用于标识该数据所属的东北渔业科学中心项目或更大型的国家级项目。

用途代码清单：
01 扁鲹（蓝鱼）调查
02 龙虾调查
03 鳕鱼产卵调查
04 合作研究调查——安康鱼
05 合作研究调查——IBS鳕鱼
06 合作研究调查——IBS黄尾鲽
07 合作研究调查——渔具选择性研究
10 美国国家海洋渔业局东北渔业科学中心底拖网调查
11 马萨诸塞州渔业与野生动物部底拖网调查
12 美国国家海洋渔业局东北渔业科学中心鲱鱼底拖网调查
13 美国国家海洋渔业局东北渔业科学中心杂项底拖网调查
14 生物群落站位调查
15 斯科舍大陆架修正调查
16 美国国家海洋渔业局东北渔业科学中心声学调查
17 深水系统分类学研究
19 实验渔具测试
20 全球海洋生态系统动力学计划（GLOBEC）大尺度调查
21 全球海洋生态系统动力学计划（GLOBEC）过程研究
22 生态系统监测
23 海洋制图计划（MARMAP）
24 鲱鱼幼体调查
25 12英里倾倒区调查
26 国际西北大西洋渔业委员会（ICNAF）鲱鱼幼体调查
27 暖核环航次
28 科尔顿航次
29 STVOR航次
30 外国底拖网调查
31 外国中层拖网调查
32 外国鲭鱼调查
33 外国摄食生态学研究
35 杂项外国调查
36 外国鲱鱼底拖网调查
37 外国扇贝调查
38 外国渔具航次
40 美国国家海洋渔业局东北渔业科学中心虾类调查
50 美国国家海洋渔业局东北渔业科学中心蛤蜊与圆蛤调查
60 美国国家海洋渔业局东北渔业科学中心海扇贝调查
70 美国国家海洋渔业局东北渔业科学中心渔具对比试验
71 美国国家海洋渔业局东北渔业科学中心渔具/传感器测试与校准
80 食物链动力学摄食生态学调查
81 近海海洋计划
82 顶级捕食者调查
90 杂项非随机资源调查航次
91 底栖生境研究
93 海洋哺乳动物调查

有时，航次标识符（或称作业编号opsid）会包含多个分段。例如ALB0301实际上由5个opsid组成，这是因为航次期间多次发生设备故障，导致船舶需返回港口。由于这些驻港时长跨度较大，航次的每个连续航段均被分配了不同的opsid。