Complex restoration of oil-contaminated soils with new organomineral reagents

Spills, discharges, and leaks of petroleum hydrocarbons are an environmental problem. Oil hydrocarbons can cause changes in the physical and chemical properties of soil, lead to a decrease in the functional activity of soil biocenoses microbiota.
The aim of the work is to remediate oil-polluted soils with new generation sorbents based on organomineral biofertilizer "Kazuglegumus" and aluminum alloys activated by indium, gallium, tin.
Modern instrumental methods of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and thermogravimetry were used to prove the structure and composition of organomineral reagents as well as soils with different degrees of pollution.
The method of complex recovery of oil polluted soils with the organomineral reagents containing activated aluminum alloys and humic fertilizer "Kazuglegumus" has been developed.
The comparative analysis of the degree of purification of the oil-polluted soils with the samples of the soil free from oil has been carried out. Desorption of crude oil from the soil by the activated aluminum alloy and its complex with the humic fertilizer Kazuglegumus has been confirmed. The reduction of oil concentration in soil samples by 12-22%, depending on the concentration of the introduced reagents and the oil content in the soil, was revealed. Phytotoxicity of uncontaminated and non-oil-contaminated soils was studied under laboratory and field conditions with sowing seeds of leguminous crops (alfalfa, sainfoin, melil).

石油烃类的溢漏、排放与泄漏是一类环境问题。石油烃类可改变土壤的物理与化学性质，致使土壤生物群落的微生物功能活性降低。
本研究的目标为采用基于有机矿质生物肥料（organomineral biofertilizer）"Kazuglegumus"以及经铟、镓、锡活化的铝合金的新一代吸附剂，修复石油污染土壤。
本研究采用傅里叶变换红外光谱（Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy）、扫描电子显微镜（scanning electron microscopy）、能量色散X射线光谱（energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy）、差示扫描量热法（differential scanning calorimetry）以及热重分析法（thermogravimetry）等现代仪器分析方法，表征并验证有机矿质修复剂以及不同污染程度的石油污染土壤的结构与组成。
本研究开发了一种采用含活化铝合金与腐殖质肥料（humic fertilizer）"Kazuglegumus"的有机矿质修复剂对石油污染土壤开展复合修复的方法。
本研究以未受石油污染的土壤样品为对照，对石油污染土壤的净化效果进行了对比分析。研究证实了活化铝合金及其与腐殖质肥料"Kazuglegumus"的复合物可从土壤中解吸原油。结果显示，土壤样品中的石油浓度可降低12%~22%，具体降幅取决于所投加修复剂的浓度以及土壤的含油量。本研究在实验室与田间条件下，通过播种豆科作物（紫花苜蓿、红豆草、草木樨）种子，对未受污染与非石油污染土壤的植物毒性开展了研究。