Key mechanisms and technical paths for the construction of new power system

The new power system serves as a key carrier for achieving the national goals of carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. This paper focuses on the structural formation of the new power system and analyzes the critical challenges encountered during its development from five perspectives: the physical grid architecture and transmission forms, the mechanisms for power-energy balance and steady-state construction, the voltage-synchronization-frequency-oscillation stability mechanisms, the system fault defense and emergency recovery mechanism, and the electricity-carbon coordinated market mechanism. Furthermore, based on a comprehensive assessment of domestic and international research progress and development trends, this study explores the underlying scientific issues and future technological pathways. Finally, the paper summarizes the key and disruptive technologies essential for shaping the new power system and proposes relevant policy recommendations, aiming to advance the construction of a clean, low-carbon, secure, adequate, economically efficient, supply-demand coordinated, and flexible-intelligent power system, thereby contributing to national energy security.