Summary of the temporal parameters and distal limb angles.

The median values and 95% confidence intervals based on the LMM analysis are estimated over all cows and steps for every limb (pair) separately. The median values are given in seconds for the non-speed normalized conditions, in fractions of the entire stride duration (i.e. duty factor), and in degrees for the distal limb angles.基于线性混合模型（Linear Mixed Model, LMM）分析得到的中位数数值与95%置信区间，将针对每一个肢体（肢对），分别在所有奶牛的全部步态步次范围内单独估算。中位数数值的计量方式分为三类：非速度标准化条件下以秒为单位，以全步态总时长的占比形式呈现（即占空因子（Duty Factor）），远端肢体角度则以角度（°）为单位。