Data from: Evolutionary history and genetic parallelism affect correlated responses to evolution

We investigated the relationship between genomic and phenotypic evolution among replicate populations of Escherichia coli evolved for 1000 generations in four different environments. By re-sequencing evolved genomes, we identified parallel changes in genes encoding transcription regulators within and between environments. Depending on both the environment and the altered gene, genetic parallelism at the gene level involved mutations that either repeatedly affected identical codons or domains or were more widely distributed within the relevant genes. Evolved clones were characterized by parallel phenotypic changes in their respective evolution environments but also in the three alternative environments. Phenotypic parallelism for both traits was high for clones that evolved in the same environment, even in the absence of genetic parallelism. By contrast, clones that evolved in different environments revealed a higher parallelism in correlated responses when they shared mutated genes. Altogether, this work shows that after an environmental change or the colonization of a new habitat, similar ecological performances might be expected for individuals that shared mutated genes or experienced similar past selective pressures.

我们针对在四种不同环境中历经1000代演化的大肠杆菌（Escherichia coli）重复种群，探究了其基因组演化与表型演化之间的关联。通过对演化后基因组进行重测序，我们鉴定出在各环境内部及环境之间，编码转录调控因子的基因存在平行演化变化。就基因层面的遗传平行性而言，其具体模式取决于所处环境与发生突变的基因：突变要么反复靶向完全一致的密码子或结构域，要么在相关基因内分布范围更广。所获得的演化克隆株，不仅在其自身所处的演化环境中表现出平行表型变化，在另外三种对照环境中同样存在此类表型平行性。即便不存在遗传平行性，在同一环境中演化得到的克隆株，其两种性状的表型平行性仍处于较高水平。与之相反，在不同环境中演化的克隆株若携带共同的突变基因，则其关联响应的平行性会更高。综上，本研究表明：当环境发生改变或种群开拓新栖息地时，携带共同突变基因或曾经历相似选择压力的个体，其生态表现大概率趋于一致。