Vegetative rescue of Camu-Camu from epicormic sprouts of detached branches

Abstract The cloning of camu-camu by cuttings has shown distinct and sometimes controversial results. The use of juvenile materials has been indicated for difficult rooting species. Thus, this work aimed to evaluate the emission of epicormic sprouts in mega-cuttings and cuttings of detached branches, as well as the cloning of camu-camu from these sprouts. The research was developed by conducting four experiments, the first two being related to the emission of epicormic sprouts, while the others referred to the cloning of camu-camu from these sprouts. In experiments evaluating sprout emission, the following factors were studied: mother plant x branch position; mother plant x substrate. In the other tests, using standard cuttings with two pairs of leaves made from epicormic sprouts, the following factors were evaluated: mother plant x cutting type x indolbutyric acid concentration (IBA); mother plant x hydroretentive polymer x environment. The number and speed of sprouts vary depending on the mother plant. IBA has negative influence on cutting and cuttings from the lower portion of sprouts have greater rooting potential than those from the upper portion. Environment with intermittent mist irrigation is more suitable for the propagation of camu-camu by cuttings. Vegetative rescue by means of epicormic sprouts in mega-cuttings and cuttings of detached branches presents potential application for the clonal propagation of camu-camu, requiring improvement in order to increase efficiency.摘要 采用扦插手段开展卡姆果（camu-camu）无性克隆繁殖的相关研究，已得出差异显著且颇具争议的结果。针对难生根树种，已有研究建议使用幼龄材料开展繁殖。本研究旨在评估大插条（mega-cuttings）及离体枝条插条的萌蘖枝（epicormic sprouts）萌发情况，并利用此类萌蘖枝实现卡姆果的无性克隆繁殖。 本研究共开展4组试验，前两组聚焦萌蘖枝萌发特性，后两组则基于前述萌蘖枝开展卡姆果无性克隆繁殖研究。 在萌蘖枝萌发评价试验中，研究考察了以下交互因素：母株×枝条着生位置；母株×扦插基质。 在后述扦插试验中，研究人员采用从萌蘖枝上截取的、具两对叶片的标准插条，考察了以下交互因素：母株×插条类型×吲哚丁酸（indolbutyric acid, IBA）浓度；母株×保水剂（hydroretentive polymer）×栽培环境。 研究结果表明，萌蘖枝的萌发数量与萌发速率因母株不同而存在显著差异。吲哚丁酸对插条生根存在负面效应，且取自萌蘖枝下部的插条其生根潜力优于上部插条。采用间歇喷雾灌溉（intermittent mist irrigation）的栽培环境更适配卡姆果的扦插繁殖。 通过大插条及离体枝条插条诱导萌蘖枝实现的无性救繁技术，在卡姆果的无性克隆繁殖中具备应用潜力，但仍需优化以提升繁殖效率。