Water Use in Tennessee, 2010

The water resources in Tennessee are likely to be stressed in the future by factors such as population increase, urban and suburban development, climate change, and other competing demands. Water-resource managers and policy makers will need accurate water-use data for regional water-supply planning including infrastructure investment, conservation, and cost-recovery strategies. Quantifying public-supply and self-supplied industrial water use and relating the use to effects on -water resources and natural hydrologic systems; is important for the public and policy makers. This dataset includes public-supply water-use and self-supplied industrial water-use information for the State of Tennessee in 2010. Public supply refers to water that is withdrawn by suppliers to furnish water year round to at least 25 people or has at least 15 service connections (U.S. Geological Survey, 1978). To assess public-supply water use in Tennessee, data were collected and analyzed for public-supply water systems active between January 1 and December 31, 2010. The public-supply water systems included investor-owned water companies, private water companies, municipal water departments, regional water authorities, residential developments, mobile-home parks, homeowner associations, and institutions such as schools and prisons. Self-supplied industrial water use refers to surface-water and groundwater withdrawals by facilities with total usage values greater than or equal to 10,000 gallons per day (gal/d) (Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, 2015) with mean withdrawals greater than or equal to 10,000 gal/d. To assess self-supplied industrial water use in Tennessee, data were collected and analyzed for industrial-water users active between January 1 and December 31, 2010. Industrial facilities use water for purposes such as fabrication, processing, washing, diluting, cooling, or transporting a product; incorporating water into a product; or for sanitation needs within a manufacturing facility (Maupin and others, 2014). Other industries that use large amounts of water produce commodities such as chemicals, food, metals, paper, or refined petroleum. References Maupin, M.A., Kenny, J.F., Hutson, S.S., Lovelace, J.K., Barber, N.L., and Linsey, K.S., 2014, Estimated use of water in the United States in 2010: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1405, 56 p. [Also available at http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/cir1405.], Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, 2015, Water Withdrawal Registration Program: Nashville, Tenn., Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation, accessed July 2015 at http://www.tn.gov/environment/article/wr-wq-water-withdrawal-registration-program, and U.S. Geological Survey, 1978, Public water supply, chap. 11.C of National handbook of recommended methods for water data acquisition—Chapter 11—Water use: U.S. Geological Survey, accessed December 17, 2013, at http://pubs.usgs.gov/chapter11/chapter11C.html.

田纳西州水资源未来或将面临人口增长、城乡开发、气候变化及其他竞争性用水需求带来的压力。水资源管理者与政策制定者需依托精准的用水数据开展区域供水规划，涵盖基础设施投资、节水策略及成本回收方案等内容。量化公共供水（public-supply）与自备工业用水（self-supplied industrial water use）规模，并厘清其对水资源及自然水文系统的影响，对于公众与政策制定者而言均具有重要意义。
本数据集涵盖2010年田纳西州公共供水用水及自备工业用水相关信息。
公共供水指供水方全年取水，为至少25人提供用水，或拥有至少15个服务接口的供水方式（美国地质调查局（U.S. Geological Survey），1978）。为评估田纳西州公共供水用水情况，研究人员收集并分析了2010年1月1日至12月31日期间运营的公共供水系统数据。此类公共供水系统包括投资者所有的供水公司、私营供水企业、市政水务部门、区域供水管理机构、住宅社区、移动住宅公园、业主协会以及学校、监狱等公共机构。
自备工业用水指日总取水量大于或等于10000美制加仑/日（gal/d）且平均取水量同样大于或等于10000 gal/d的设施所取用的地表水与地下水（田纳西州环境与保护部（Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservation），2015）。为评估田纳西州自备工业用水情况，研究人员收集并分析了2010年1月1日至12月31日期间运营的工业用水用户数据。工业设施用水用途包括产品的制造、加工、清洗、稀释、冷却或运输，将水融入产品，或满足制造设施内的卫生需求（Maupin等，2014）。其他高耗水工业涵盖生产化学品、食品、金属、纸张或精炼石油产品的行业。
参考文献
Maupin, M.A.、Kenny, J.F.、Hutson, S.S.、Lovelace, J.K.、Barber, N.L. 及 Linsey, K.S.，2014，《2010年美国用水估算》：美国地质调查局通报1405号，共56页。[亦可通过http://dx.doi.org/10.3133/cir1405获取]
田纳西州环境与保护部，2015，《取水登记计划》：田纳西州纳什维尔，田纳西州环境与保护部，2015年7月访问于http://www.tn.gov/environment/article/wr-wq-water-withdrawal-registration-program
美国地质调查局，1978，《公共供水》，载于《水数据采集推荐方法手册——第11章 用水》第11.C节：美国地质调查局，2013年12月17日访问于http://pubs.usgs.gov/chapter11/chapter11C.html。