Effects of Supplementation of Zinc, Manganese, or Copper and Different Phytase Levels in Serum and Bone Acid and Alkaline Phosphatases of Broiler Chicks

ABSTRACT The knowledge of biological trace minerals and phytase requirements for modern broiler genotypes is not established and the pressure to reduce their usage in animal feeding due to environmental issues is increasing. Here, the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and tartarate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) of the tibia and serum of broilers fed with diets containing various levels of phytase and reduced levels of zinc, manganese, and copper was evaluated. The experiment was performed using 1,200 male Cobb broilers raised according to standard commercial husbandry techniques. Data were analyzed as a 4×3 factorial arrangement with four concentrations of zinc (0.34, 0.49, 0.64, and 0.79 ppm), manganese (0.18, 0.43, 0.68, and 0.93 ppm), or copper (0.09, 0.12, 0.15, and 0.18 ppm) and three concentrations of phytase (0, 500, and 1,000 FTU/kg) for age periods of 1-21 and 36-42 days. While the dietary supplementation with copper did not induce a significant effect in bone tissue biochemical markers, serum TRAP activity of 42-day old broilers increased with higher copper levels. Increasing dietary zinc levels linearly increased ALP activity in tibia growth, suggesting that zinc is essential for longitudinal bone growth. Phytase significantly promoted the increase of TRAP and ALP activities, suggesting that manganese increased growth plate activity, accelerated calcification, and remodeled the newly formed tissue into trabecular bone. Although not every enzymatic activity was affected by the treatments, the phytase use, along with trace minerals, improved the animal response to the rapid growth required nowadays and provided the nutrients for adequate bone metabolism.

摘要：对于现代肉鸡品种的生物痕迹矿物质及植酸酶需求的知识尚未确立，而由于环境问题，减少其在动物饲料中使用的压力正在不断上升。本研究评估了饲喂含不同植酸酶水平和降低锌、锰、铜含量的饲料的肉鸡胫骨和血清中的碱性磷酸酶（ALP）和酒石酸耐酸磷酸酶（TRAP）。实验采用1,200只按照标准商业养殖技术饲养的雄性Cobb肉鸡进行。数据按照4×3的析因设计进行分析，包括锌（0.34、0.49、0.64和0.79 ppm）的四种浓度、锰（0.18、0.43、0.68和0.93 ppm）的四种浓度或铜（0.09、0.12、0.15和0.18 ppm）的四种浓度，以及植酸酶（0、500和1,000 FTU/kg）的三个浓度，针对1-21天和36-42天的生长阶段。尽管铜的饲料补充并未对骨骼组织生化标志物产生显著影响，但42天龄肉鸡的血清TRAP活性随着铜水平的增加而升高。饮食中锌水平的增加与胫骨生长中ALP活性的线性增加相关，表明锌对纵向骨骼生长至关重要。植酸酶显著促进了TRAP和ALP活性的增加，表明锰提升了生长板活性，加速了钙化过程，并将新生组织重塑为骨小梁。尽管并非所有酶活性均受处理的影响，但植酸酶的使用，连同微量元素，改善了动物对当今快速生长需求的响应，并提供了充足的营养以支持骨骼代谢。