The breath shape controls intonation of mouse vocalizations

Intonation in speech is the control of vocal pitch to layer expressive meaning to communication, like increasing pitch to indicate a question. Also, stereotyped patterns of pitch are used to create distinct sounds with different denotations, like in tonal languages and, perhaps, the ten sounds in the murine lexicon. A basic tone is created by exhalation through a constricted laryngeal voice box, and it is thought that more complex utterances are produced solely by dynamic changes in laryngeal tension. But perhaps, the shifting pitch also results from altering the swiftness of exhalation. Consistent with the latter model, we describe that intonation in most vocalization types follows deviations in exhalation that appear to be generated by the re-activation of the cardinal breathing muscle for inspiration. We also show that the brainstem vocalization central pattern generator, the iRO, can create this breath pattern. Consequently, ectopic activation of the iRO not only induces phonation, ..., , , # The breath shape controls intonation of mouse vocalizations

[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n8pk0p34d](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n8pk0p34d)

The contents of the data sets include the data files for each experiment (airflow trace, sounds file, opto pulse timestmaps, and EMG).

## Description of the data and file structure

Airflow for baseline vocalization recordings:   The plethysmography chamber was modified to accommodate a microphone to record vocalizations (CM16/CMPA, Avisoft Bioacoustics) and the airflow in the chamber was measured by a spirometer (FE141, AD instruments). Both data streams were acquired through a DAQ board (PCI-6251, National Instruments) and written to disk for offline analysis. Sound was acquired at 400 kHz and airflow at 1 kHz.

Files are annotated with the date_cage number_animal ID_trial number

.wav file – waveform audio file of the sound spectrogram

.txt file – breathing airflow sampled at 1 kHz.

\--> When these recordings are combined with optoge...

言语中的语调（intonation）是通过调控声带音高，为交流赋予层次化的表达意义，例如通过提升音高来表示疑问句。此外，人们还会利用定型化的音高模式生成具有不同指称意义的独特语音，比如声调语言，以及或许是小鼠词汇中的10个音节。基础音调由经过收缩的喉部发声器官（laryngeal voice box）呼气产生，此前认为，更为复杂的发声仅通过喉肌张力的动态变化完成。但或许，音高的变化也源自呼气速度的改变。
与后者模型相符，我们的研究表明，多数发声类型中的语调变化，与呼气流量的偏差存在关联，而这类偏差似乎由用于吸气的主要呼吸肌重新激活所产生。我们还证实，脑干发声中枢模式发生器（brainstem vocalization central pattern generator，iRO）能够生成此类呼吸模式。因此，异位激活iRO不仅可诱发发声……
# 小鼠发声的语调由呼吸形态调控
[https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n8pk0p34d](https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.n8pk0p34d)

本数据集包含各实验的数据文件：气流轨迹、声音文件、光刺激脉冲时间戳（opto pulse timestamps）以及肌电图（electromyography，EMG）。

## 数据与文件结构说明
基线发声记录的气流采集：我们对体积描记箱（plethysmography chamber）进行改造，加装麦克风以记录发声信号（CM16/CMPA，Avisoft Bioacoustics），并通过肺活量计（spirometer，FE141，AD Instruments）测量箱内气流。两类数据均通过数据采集板（DAQ board，PCI-6251，National Instruments）采集并写入磁盘，用于后续离线分析。声音采样率为400 kHz，气流采样率为1 kHz。

文件名格式为：日期_笼号_动物编号_实验次数
- .wav文件：语音声谱图的波形音频文件
- .txt文件：以1 kHz采样的呼吸气流数据文件
--> 当此类记录与光遗传……