Descriptive statistics of the variables.

Amid the restructuring of global value chains (GVC), digital transformation has become a vital strategy for enhancing agricultural export performance and strengthening international competitiveness, while also contributing to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, particularly the reduction of poverty and hunger. This study utilizes the OECD Activity of Multinational Enterprises (AMNE) database and employs a two-way fixed effects model to assess the impact of agricultural digitalization inputs on export performance, measured by gross exports (E), domestic value-added in exports (DVA), and the ratio of domestic value-added in exports to gross exports (EDVAR). The results indicate that both domestic and foreign digitalization inputs significantly enhance export performance, with domestic inputs exerting a stronger effect. The heterogeneity analysis reveals that domestic inputs have a more significant impact in developing countries. Mechanism tests suggest that domestic inputs enhance production efficiency, whereas foreign inputs primarily reduce trade costs. Policy recommendations include promoting digital innovation, enhancing self-reliance and resilience, optimizing the digital trade environment, and securing adequate human capital, land, and institutional support.在全球价值链（Global Value Chains, GVC）重构的背景下，数字化转型已成为提升农业出口表现、增强国际竞争力的关键战略，同时也有助于推进联合国可持续发展目标，尤其是减贫与消除饥饿目标。本研究采用经济合作与发展组织（Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, OECD）跨国企业活动（Activity of Multinational Enterprises, AMNE）数据库，运用双向固定效应模型，评估农业数字化投入对出口表现的影响；出口表现以总出口额（gross exports, E）、出口国内增加值（domestic value-added in exports, DVA）以及出口国内增加值与总出口额之比（the ratio of domestic value-added in exports to gross exports, EDVAR）进行衡量。研究结果显示，国内与国外数字化投入均能显著提升出口表现，且国内数字化投入的促进作用更强。异质性分析表明，国内数字化投入对发展中国家的出口表现影响更为显著。机制检验显示，国内数字化投入可提升生产效率，而国外数字化投入则主要通过降低贸易成本发挥作用。据此提出的政策建议包括：推动数字化创新、增强自主可控与韧性、优化数字贸易环境，以及保障充足的人力资本、土地资源与制度支持。