Data from: Multi-purpose habitat networks for short-range and long-range connectivity: a new method combining graph and circuit connectivity

1. Biodiversity conservation in landscapes undergoing climate and land-use changes requires designing multi-purpose habitat networks that connect the movements of organisms at multiple spatial scales. Short-range connectivity within habitat networks provides organisms access to spatially distributed resources, reduces local extinctions, and increases re-colonization of habitat fragments. Long-range connectivity across habitat networks facilitates annual migrations and climate-driven range shifts. 2. We present a method for identifying a multi-purpose network of forest patches that promotes both short and long-range connectivity. Our method uses both graph-theoretic analyses that quantify network connectedness and circuit-based analyses that quantify network traversability as the basis for identifying spatial conservation priorities on the landscape. 3. We illustrate our approach in the agroecosystem, bordered by the Laurentian and Appalachian mountain ranges, that surrounds the metropolis of Montreal, Canada. We established forest conservation priorities for the Ovenbird, a Neotropical migrant, sensitive to habitat fragmentation that breeds in our study area. All connectivity analyses were based on the same empirically informed resistance surface for Ovenbird but habitat pixels that facilitated short- and long-range connectivity requirements had low spatial correlation. The trade-off between connectivity requirements in the final ranking of conservation priorities showed a pattern of diminishing returns such that beyond a threshold, additional conservation of long-range connectivity had decreased effectiveness on the conservation of short-range connectivity. Highest conservation priority was assigned to a series of stepping stone forest patches across the study area that promote traversability between the bordering mountain ranges and to a collection of small forest fragments scattered throughout the study area that provide connectivity within the agroecosystem. 4. Landscape connectivity is important for the ecology and genetics of populations threatened by climate change and habitat fragmentation. Our method has been used to conserve two critical dimensions of connectivity for a single species but it is designed to incorporate a variety of connectivity requirements for many species. Our approach can be tailored to local, regional, and continental conservation initiatives to protect essential species movements that will allow biodiversity to persist in a changing climate.

1. 在经受气候与土地利用变化的景观中开展生物多样性保护，需构建多用途栖息地网络，以连接多空间尺度下的生物移动过程。栖息地网络内部的短距离连通性，可助力生物获取空间异质性分布的资源、降低局部灭绝风险，并提升栖息地片段的再定居效率；跨网络的长距离连通性则能助力物种年度迁徙与气候驱动的分布范围偏移。
2. 我们提出一种可同时促进短、长距离连通性的多用途森林斑块网络识别方法。本方法同时采用量化网络连通性的图论分析（graph-theoretic analyses），与量化网络遍历性的基于电路模型的连通性分析（circuit-based analyses），作为识别景观空间保护优先级的核心依据。
3. 我们以加拿大蒙特利尔大都会周边、被劳伦琴山脉与阿巴拉契亚山脉环绕的农业生态系统为研究区域，对该方法进行了实例阐释。本研究针对灶巢鸟（Ovenbird）划定了森林保护优先级：该物种为新热带区迁徙鸟类，对栖息地片段化敏感，且在本研究区域内繁殖。所有连通性分析均基于针对灶巢鸟的同一经验性抗性表面（resistance surface），但满足短、长距离连通性需求的栖息地像素空间相关性极低。在最终的保护优先级排序中，两类连通性需求间的权衡呈现出收益递减规律：当突破某一阈值后，额外开展长距离连通性保护，对短距离连通性保护的增益效果会显著下降。最高保护优先级被授予两类区域：一是贯穿研究区域、可促进毗邻山脉间遍历性的一系列踏脚石森林斑块（stepping stone forest patches）；二是散布于研究区域内、可为农业生态系统内部提供连通性的小型森林片段集合。
4. 景观连通性（landscape connectivity）对于受气候变化与栖息地片段化威胁的种群生态学与遗传学研究至关重要。本方法已被用于保护单一物种的两类关键连通性维度，但其设计初衷是可整合多物种的多样化连通性需求。本方法可适配地方、区域乃至大陆尺度的保护行动，用以保护保障生物多样性在气候变化中存续所需的关键物种移动过程。