“When each case isn’t just one case”: an analysis of structural state violence sparked by the criminalization of Kaiowá and Guarani existences and resistances in the south of Mato Grosso do Sul

Abstract The following text is a contribution to an anthropology of abolition and insurgencies, based upon an analysis of the incarceration, torture and massacres occurred against the Guarani and Kaiowá people, especially since the Brazilian dictatorship and its ramifications in the so-called Democratic State of Rights. We intend to demonstrate that the basis of this State is structurally racist through documental analysis and ethnographic research. Our approach will be the case study of Leonardo de Souza, Guarani Kaiowá Indigenous man arrested in December 2018 charged with crimes related to the insurrection sparked during the Caarapó Massacre. We will discuss 4 legal suits in which he is accused. We aim to emphasize, through historical contextualization of the sarambi/sprawling that affected the Kaiowá and Guarani in the south of Mato Grosso do Sul, the permanence and mobilization of dispositives related to the complex industrial-corporative-penitentiary system by the Brazilian State, with the purpose of suffocating Indigenous uprisings for the recovery of their lands. One of the counter-insurgent strategies is precisely penal selectivity, part of a broader system that defends private property in detriment of the reproduction of life in the disputed Tekoha faced with the advance of monocultures and criminalization. Will the State be, after all, hyper-present in its own omission?摘要 本研究为废除主义与反抗人类学研究贡献了新的分析视角，基于针对瓜拉尼（Guarani）与凯奥瓦（Kaiowá）族群所遭受的监禁、酷刑与大屠杀的系统性分析——尤其聚焦巴西独裁政权时期及其在所谓"民主法治国"中的遗留影响。本研究拟通过文献分析与民族志研究，论证该"民主法治国"的制度基础具有结构性种族主义本质。本研究将以2018年12月被捕的瓜拉尼-凯奥瓦原住民莱昂纳多·德·索萨（Leonardo de Souza）为个案对象，他被控与卡拉波（Caarapó）大屠杀期间爆发的原住民反抗活动相关的罪名。本研究将讨论针对他的4起诉讼案件。我们旨在通过梳理影响南马托格罗索州南部凯奥瓦与瓜拉尼族群的"萨兰比（sarambi）"式土地无序扩张现象的历史脉络，凸显巴西国家所运作的复杂工业-企业-刑罚管控体系相关治理装置的持续性与动员性，其核心目的在于压制为收复故土而发起的原住民反抗运动。其中一项反反抗策略正是刑罚选择性执法，这一策略隶属于更广泛的制度体系：在单一作物种植扩张与刑事化浪潮的背景下，该体系为维护私有产权而损害争议特科哈（Tekoha）领地内的生命再生产。归根结底，国家是否以自身的刻意缺位，达成了无处不在的在场？