The efficiency on suppression of primary hosts by autoparasitoids alone or in combination with primary parasitoids in biological control programs.

aC: Males develop on conspecifics only; H: Males develop on heterospecifics only; H–C: Males may develop on heterospecifics or on conspecifics.b+: A potential biological control agent; + +: No disruption on the suppression of primary hosts; + −: Disrupt suppression of primary hosts in combination with primary parasitoids; + + +: Suppress more primary hosts in combination with primary parasitoids.