The efficiency on suppression of primary hosts by autoparasitoids alone or in combination with primary parasitoids in biological control programs.

aC: Males develop on conspecifics only; H: Males develop on heterospecifics only; H–C: Males may develop on heterospecifics or on conspecifics.b+: A potential biological control agent; + +: No disruption on the suppression of primary hosts; + −: Disrupt suppression of primary hosts in combination with primary parasitoids; + + +: Suppress more primary hosts in combination with primary parasitoids.aC：雄虫仅在同种个体（conspecifics）上发育；H：雄虫仅在异种个体（heterospecifics）上发育；H–C：雄虫可在异种或同种个体上发育。b+：潜在生物防治剂（biological control agent）；++：对初级寄主（primary hosts）的种群抑制作用无干扰；+−：与初级寄生蜂（primary parasitoids）联合作用时会干扰初级寄主的种群抑制效果；+++：与初级寄生蜂联合作用时可抑制更多的初级寄主种群。