Summary statistics of limit hits in the whole period (Panel A), in the bullish periods (Panel B), and in the bearish periods (Panel C).

N is the total number of trading days with limit hits. ⟨N⟩ is the average number of limit-hitting days for individual stocks. Ncon is the number of limit-hitting days with continued next-day opening prices (up-limit days with the next-day opening prices higher than the closing prices and down-limit days with the next-day opening price lower than the closing prices). Nrev is the number of limit-hitting days with price reversal on the next day. Nopen, Nam, Npm and Nclose are respectively the numbers of days with limit hits occurred in the opening call auction, in the continuous double auction in the morning, in the continuous double auction in the afternoon and at the closure of the trading days. Nclose,con and Nclose,rev are the numbers of trading days that closed at limit prices and the price continued rising or falling on the successive trading days.