3D food printing: paving way towards novel foods

Abstract 3D food printing, a part of additive manufacturing technique is used to modify the process of the food manufacturing in terms of color, shape, flavor, texture and nutrition. It liberates the user to identify and modify their meal according to one’s desire, matching to the very minute details. Currently, it is used in decorating and fabricating, food products such as chocolate, cookies and cakes. The process of printing foods depends on several factors such as the physical state of food (whether powder, liquid or semi-solid), size and shape of the syringes to be used and the composition of the ingredients such as carbohydrates, proteins and fats. Apart from the use of 3D food printing for fabrication, it can also play an important role in solving malnutrition by enhancing the nutritional profile of the meal. The objective of this review is to highlight the different methods used in 3D food printing, 3D food printers, benefits of 3D food printing and challenges faced while food printing. Moreover, the paper discusses the applications of 3D food printing and its scope in the near future.摘要 3D食品打印（3D food printing）作为增材制造（additive manufacturing）技术的组成部分，可从颜色、形状、风味、质地与营养维度改良食品生产流程。它使使用者能够依照自身意愿自主确定并调整餐食，契合极为精细的个性化细节。目前，该技术已应用于巧克力、曲奇、蛋糕等食品的装饰与制造环节。食品打印流程受诸多因素制约，包括食品的物理状态（粉末状、液态或半固态）、所用注射器的尺寸与形状，以及碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪等食材的成分组成。除用于食品制造外，3D食品打印还可通过优化餐食的营养构成，在解决营养不良问题中发挥重要作用。本综述旨在重点介绍3D食品打印所采用的各类方法、3D食品打印机、3D食品打印的优势，以及食品打印过程中面临的挑战。此外，本文还探讨了3D食品打印的应用场景及其未来发展前景。