The frontier lines of the constituents of matter

Abstract Looking at the chart of nuclides as presented at the URL of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) [1] – that, one supposes, contains all the known nuclides, the natural and the artificial ones – one verifies the existence of two delimiting lines admitted to be the borders of the constituents of matter. One assumes that the lighter atoms have been formed in a nucleosynthesis process within the core of certain stars while the heavier were produced during the implosion of old stars, a supernova or in the fusion of two neutron stars. Making use of the nuclear semiempirical mass formula along with the energy-time uncertainty relation of quantum mechanics, we show that the calculated border lines show an appreciable agreement with the data obtained from the Chart of Nuclides, the nuclides that are situated far away from those that define the line, or valley, of stability. We also briefly discuss, qualitatively, what is currently known about the astrophysical nucleogenesis processes of the heavier nuclei and their relation with the border lines.摘要 参照国际原子能机构（International Atomic Energy Agency, IAEA）官网链接[1]中发布的核素图（Chart of Nuclides）——据推测该图涵盖了所有已知的天然与人工核素——可以发现存在两条公认的边界线，它们被视作物质组成的边界。学界普遍认为，较轻原子形成于特定恒星核心的核合成过程中，而较重原子核则诞生于老年恒星坍缩、超新星爆发或是双中子星并合事件中。本研究借助核半经验质量公式与量子力学的能量-时间不确定关系，证明计算得到的边界线与核素图中远离稳定线（或稳定谷）的核素实验数据吻合度较高。此外，本文还从定性角度简要讨论了当前学界对重核天体核合成过程的认知，以及其与上述边界线的关联。