Table_1_The global burden, trends, and inequalities of individuals with developmental and intellectual disabilities attributable to iodine deficiency from 1990 to 2019 and its prediction up to 2030.DOCX

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to assess the global burden of disease for developmental and intellectual disabilities caused by iodine deficiency from 1990 to 2019.MethodsUsing data from the global burden of disease (GBD) 2019, we conducted a cross-country inequity analysis to examine the worldwide burden of developmental and intellectual disabilities caused by the issue of iodine deficiency from 1990 to 2019. Absolute and relative inequality were assessed by the slope index of inequality and the concentration index, respectively. After summarising the latest evidence, we also projected the age-standardized prevalence and years lived with disability (YLD) rates up to 2030 using the BAPC and INLA packages in R statistical software.ResultsIn 2019, the global age-standardized prevalence and YLD rates for developmental and intellectual disabilities due to iodine deficiency were 22.54 per 100,000 population (95% UI 14.47 to 29.23) and 4.12 per 100,000 population (95% UI 2.25 to 6.4), respectively. From 1990 to 2019, the age-standardized prevalence and YLD rates of developmental and intellectual disabilities due to iodine deficiency decreased significantly. Geographic distribution showed that areas with lower socio-demographic indices (SDI) were the most affected. The correlation between higher SDI and lower prevalence highlights the role of economic and social factors in the prevalence of the disease. Cross-national inequity analysis shows that disparities persist despite improvements in health inequalities. In addition, projections suggest that the disease burden may decline until 2030.ConclusionThis research underscores the necessity for targeted interventions, such as enhancing iodine supplementation and nutritional education, especially in areas with lower SDI. We aim to provide a foundation for policymakers further to research effective preventative and potential alternative treatment strategies.

研究目的：本研究的目的是评估1990年至2019年间由于碘缺乏导致的发育和智力障碍在全球范围内的疾病负担。研究方法：利用全球疾病负担（GBD）2019年的数据，我们进行了一项跨国不平等分析，以检验1990年至2019年间由于碘缺乏问题导致的全球发育和智力障碍的负担。通过不平等斜率指数和集中指数分别评估了绝对和相对不平等。在总结最新证据的基础上，我们还利用R统计软件中的BAPC和INLA包，预测了至2030年的年龄标准化患病率和伤残调整生命年（YLD）率。研究结果：2019年，由于碘缺乏导致的发育和智力障碍的全球年龄标准化患病率和YLD率分别为每10万人22.54例（95% UI 14.47至29.23）和每10万人4.12例（95% UI 2.25至6.4）。从1990年至2019年，由于碘缺乏导致的发育和智力障碍的年龄标准化患病率和YLD率显著下降。地理分布显示，社会人口指数（SDI）较低的地区最受影响。高SDI与低患病率之间的相关性凸显了经济和社会因素在疾病流行中的作用。跨国不平等分析表明，尽管健康不平等有所改善，但差距仍然存在。此外，预测表明，疾病负担可能直至2030年有所下降。研究结论：本研究强调了针对干预措施，如增强碘补充和营养教育，尤其是在SDI较低地区的必要性。我们旨在为政策制定者提供进一步研究有效预防策略和潜在替代治疗策略的基础。