Spatial distributions of wind speed, SWH, LSC from the baseline run, and residual LSC from the default model minus those from the model without winds, heat flux, river inputs, strait exchanges, waves, and that using the MR grids during a strong wind event in 11 September 2014, respectively.

This work revisited the dynamics of deep-lake gyres and coastal circulation for Lake Michigan by using observations and modeling system. Few works had been done to comprehensively discuss the wind-, density-, and wave-driven circulation using a high-resolution, wave-current coupled model. The formation, dynamics and connection of the offshore and nearshore circulation in this representative large lake of the Great Lakes system was given detailed investigations in this study.