Detailed COVID-19 Immunology PBL Case Scenario and Group Task Structure : Pyramidal Problem-Based Learning Intervention

This supplementary file provides a detailed description of the educational intervention used in a pyramidal problem-based learning (PBL) activity focused on immunity to COVID-19. It includes the full clinical case scenario, structured group allocation with assigned immunological domains, guided discussion prompts, and the stepwise implementation workflow used during the learning session. The material also outlines the mind-mapping activity framework and the pyramidal integration approach used to progressively develop a systems-level understanding of SARS-CoV-2 immune responses. This includes integration of innate and adaptive immunity, cytokine-mediated inflammation, antibody responses, and immunopathological mechanisms. In addition, the document specifies the expected learning outcomes for students, emphasizing mechanistic reasoning, collaborative learning, and the ability to interpret clinical and laboratory findings from an immunological perspective. This resource is intended to support reproducibility of the teaching intervention and to enable educators to adapt or implement similar problem-based immunology learning activities in other educational settings.本补充文件详细介绍了围绕新冠病毒免疫应答开展的金字塔式基于问题的学习（PBL）活动中所采用的教学干预方案，涵盖完整的临床案例情境、带有指定免疫学主题域的结构化分组方案、引导式讨论议题，以及学习过程中采用的分步实施流程。 本材料还梳理了思维导图活动框架，以及用于逐步构建对新型冠状病毒（SARS-CoV-2）免疫应答系统层面认知的金字塔式整合方法，该方法整合了固有免疫与适应性免疫、细胞因子介导的炎症反应、抗体应答及免疫病理机制。 此外，该文件明确了学生的预期学习目标，重点强调机制性推理能力、协作学习能力，以及从免疫学视角解读临床与实验室检测结果的能力。 本资源旨在保障该教学干预方案的可复现性，助力教育工作者在其他教育场景中适配或开展同类基于问题的免疫学学习活动。