Population genetics and speciation of yellow-bellied, red-naped, and red-breasted sapsuckers (Sphyrapicus varius, S. nuchalis, and S. ruber)

The root of understanding speciation lies in determining the forces which drive it. In many closely-related species, including Sphyrapicus varius, S. nuchalis, and S. ruber, it is assumed that speciation occurred due to isolation in multiple Pleistocene refugia. We used genetic data from 457 samples at the control region, COI, and CHD1Z to examine rangewide population genetic structure and differentiation amongst these three species across each species’ breeding range. In addition, we modelled these species’ ecological niches for the Holocene (~6,000 ya), Last Glacial Maximum (~22,000 ya), and Last Interglacial (~120,000-140,000 ya) to determine if Pleistocene glaciations could have contributed to allopatric distributions, therefore allowing these groups to differentiate. Population genetic data show a potential Pleistocene refugium in Haida Gwaii, an east-west split among S. varius, and low genetic differentiation within each species. Our control region data show some polyphyly, while ...

理解物种形成的核心，在于明确驱动其发生的演化动力。包括黄腹吸汁啄木鸟（Sphyrapicus varius）、红颈吸汁啄木鸟（S. nuchalis）以及红腹吸汁啄木鸟（S. ruber）在内的诸多近缘物种，其物种形成过程被认为是因更新世多重避难所的隔离效应而发生。本研究利用457份样本的线粒体控制区、细胞色素C氧化酶亚基I（COI）以及CHD1Z基因的遗传数据，针对这三个物种各自的繁殖分布区，解析其全分布区范围内的种群遗传结构与分化水平。此外，本研究还针对全新世（约6000年前）、末次盛冰期（约22000年前）以及末次间冰期（约120000-140000年前）三个时期，对这三个物种的生态位进行建模，以探究更新世冰期是否促成了这些类群的异域分布，进而推动其分化进程。种群遗传数据分析显示，海达瓜依地区存在一处潜在的更新世避难所；黄腹吸汁啄木鸟种群存在东西向分化格局，且各物种种群内部的遗传分化水平均较低。本研究的线粒体控制区数据显示存在一定程度的多系现象，而……