Characteristics of included studies.

SW (commercial sex work [female sex worker and clients]); B(Co-factor effect of a sexually transmitted infection); FI (focused intervention); (M) multiple parameter sets that are calibrated or fitted to observed data; S (sensitivity analysis using single calibrated/fitted parameter set); U (uncertainty analysis using multiple calibrated/fitted parameter sets); Sensitivity and uncertainty analysis refer to an examination of the influence of parameter values on estimated outcome. Type of model (deterministic [det.], individual-based models [ind]). Outcome of interest specifies the outcomes measured in the study (impact of a FI and/or the contribution of a high-risk group or behaviour to overall transmission). Migrant refers to short-term or circular migration. *HIV prevalence prior to implementing the focused intervention or at the time from which contribution of HRGs was assessed; if different time-points were assessed, then HIV prevalence reflects the most recent estimate. pop. (population). **Studies which examined different epidemic phases.