Effects of water temperature on freshwater macroinvertebrates: a systematic review

Water temperature is one of the main abiotic factors affecting the structure and functioning of aquatic ecosystems and its alteration can have important effects on biological communities. Macroinvertebrates are excellent bio-indicators and have been used for decades to assess the status of aquatic ecosystems as a result of environmental stresses; however, their responses to temperature are poorly documented and have not been systematically evaluated. <br> The database collects 223 publications (Research article and Reviewers) focusing on freshwater macroinvertebrates and temperature conditions published between 1970 and 2020 and stored in the ISI <em>Web of Science</em> (WoS) database. We used the following search string: Title=((“temperature”) AND (“macroinvertebrates”) AND (“biotic response”) NOT (“other”)), where: “temperature” includes: temperature* OR thermal OR warm* OR heat OR climate change OR thermic; “macroinvertebrates” include: invertebrat* OR macroinvertebrat* OR (aquatic AND insect*) OR benthos OR benthic OR Plecoptera OR Ephemeroptera OR Trichoptera OR (aquatic AND Coleoptera) OR (aquatic AND Diptera) OR mayfl* OR stonefl* OR caddisfl* OR (aquatic AND fly) OR (aquatic AND beetl*) OR chironomid* OR freshwater biota OR Odonata OR damselfl* OR neuropteran* OR Neuroptera OR Megaloptera OR megalopteran* OR dragonfl* OR (aquatic AND Heteroptera) OR (aquatic AND Hemiptera*) OR midg*; “biotic response” includes: stress* OR variation* OR dynamic* OR dietary OR food OR effect OR nich* OR phenology OR (life AND cycle) OR trait* OR growth OR reproduction OR mortality OR diseas* OR behaviour* OR performance OR dimension* OR size OR fitness OR success OR voltinism OR flexibility OR emergence OR (egg AND development) OR richness OR composition OR drift OR migration OR spatial OR pattern* OR gene* OR feeding OR predation; and “other” includes: fish* OR marine OR sea* OR ocean* OR coast* OR plankton OR brackish OR meiofauna OR oyster OR terrestrial OR soil OR coral OR foraminifer* OR alga OR diatom*. and then we selected the relevant publications examining the abstracts and retaing only papers related to freshwater macroinvertebrates and where the temperature was the main focus. <br> For each research article (<em>N=218</em>) in the database we recorded information including: -the ecosystem considered (Lotic ecosystems: river, channel, spring; Lentic ecosystems: lake, pond and Laboratory) -Type of study (experimental or theoretical) -Continent (Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Europe, Oceania, North America, Central America, South America) -Koppen Climatic regions ( Tropical, arid, temperate, cold, polar) -Spatial scale (Site-specific, catchment, regional, ecoregion, continental, global) -Temporal scale (Decades (&lt;100 years), years (&lt;10 years), months (&lt;1 year), days (&lt;1 month), punctual) -Survey frequency (Annual, seasonal, monthly, weekly, daily, hourly, subhourly, punctual) -Level of investigation (Order, family, genus, species) -Ecological unit (Community, population, gene) -Organism (tacxonomic order) -Temperature conditions (Laboratory: high temperature, temperature variation, temperature range; Field: climate warming, temperature regime, constant temperature regime) -Other stress (Predation, pollution, photoperiod, oxygen availability, nutrient concentration, humidity, habitat, food availability, flow, other) <br> -Author -Title -Year of Publication <br> For each category multiple selections were possible for a single paper, i.e. if different temperature conditions were investigated by a single publication. <br> <br>水温是影响水生生态系统结构与功能的核心非生物因子（abiotic factor）之一，其异常变化会对水生生物群落产生显著影响。大型无脊椎动物（macroinvertebrates）是优质的生物指示类群，数十年来被广泛应用于评估环境胁迫下的水生生态系统健康状态，但目前关于该类群对温度变化的响应相关研究记录仍较为匮乏，且尚未得到系统全面的评估。 本数据库收录了1970年至2020年间发表于ISI Web of Science（WoS）数据库的223篇相关文献，涵盖研究论文与综述文章，均聚焦淡水大型无脊椎动物与温度条件的关联研究。本次检索采用如下检索式：篇名=(("temperature") AND ("macroinvertebrates") AND ("biotic response") NOT ("other"))，其中： - "temperature"涵盖的关键词包括：temperature*、thermal、warm*、heat、climate change、thermic等； - "macroinvertebrates"涵盖的类群包括：invertebrat*、macroinvertebrat*、(aquatic AND insect*)、benthos（底栖生物）、benthic（底栖的）、Plecoptera（襀翅目）、Ephemeroptera（蜉蝣目）、Trichoptera（毛翅目）、(aquatic AND Coleoptera)、(aquatic AND Diptera)、mayfl*（蜉蝣类）、stonefl*（石蝇类）、caddisfl*（石蛾类）、(aquatic AND fly)、(aquatic AND beetl*)、chironomid*（摇蚊类）、freshwater biota（淡水生物群落）、Odonata（蜻蜓目）、damselfl*（豆娘类）、neuropteran*、Neuroptera（脉翅目）、Megaloptera（广翅目）、megalopteran*、dragonfl*（蜻蜓类）、(aquatic AND Heteroptera)、(aquatic AND Hemiptera*)、midg*（蚊类幼虫）等； - "biotic response"涵盖的响应指标包括：stress*、variation*、dynamic*、dietary、food、effect、nich*、phenology（物候）、(life AND cycle)、trait*、growth、reproduction、mortality、diseas*、behaviour*、performance、dimension*、size、fitness、success、voltinism（化性）、flexibility、emergence、(egg AND development)、richness、composition、drift、migration、spatial、pattern*、gene*、feeding、predation等； - "other"涵盖的排除类群包括：fish*、marine、sea*、ocean*、coast*、plankton、brackish（半咸水）、meiofauna（小型底栖动物）、oyster（牡蛎）、terrestrial（陆生）、soil（土壤）、coral（珊瑚）、foraminifer*（有孔虫类）、alga（藻类）、diatom*（硅藻类）等。 随后研究团队通过审阅文献摘要，筛选保留仅与淡水大型无脊椎动物相关且以温度为核心研究焦点的文献。 针对数据库内的218篇研究论文（N=218），研究团队记录了如下信息： - 研究涉及的生态系统类型：流水生态系统（河流、渠化水道、泉眼）、静水生态系统（湖泊、池塘）及实验室环境； - 研究类型：实验性研究或理论性研究； - 研究所在大洲：非洲、南极洲、亚洲、欧洲、大洋洲、北美洲、中美洲、南美洲； - 柯本气候区（Koppen Climatic regions）：热带、干旱区、温带、寒带、极地； - 空间尺度：样点尺度、流域尺度、区域尺度、生态区尺度、大陆尺度、全球尺度； - 时间尺度：十年尺度（<100年）、年尺度（<10年）、月尺度（<1年）、日尺度（<1个月）、瞬时采样； - 调查频率：年度、季节、月度、每周、每日、每小时、亚小时级、瞬时采样； - 研究层级：目、科、属、种； - 生态单元：群落、种群、基因； - 研究类群：生物分类目级单元； - 温度条件：实验室环境（高温、温度波动、温度范围）；野外环境（气候变暖、温度制度、恒温制度）； - 其他胁迫因子：捕食、污染、光周期、氧可利用性、营养盐浓度、湿度、生境、食物可利用性、水流、其他； - 作者、论文标题、发表年份。 针对每个分类类别，单篇文献可同时匹配多个类别，例如当一篇文献同时研究了多种温度条件时即可如此。