臺灣冷杉林植物群落之動態研究－以合歡山臺灣冷杉林永久樣區為例

永久樣區(permanent plot，或稱長期觀測樣區)，是提供研究森林生態於探討環境與生物間動態變化關係上，不可或缺的觀察複測之研究樣本區塊。
太魯閣國家公園管理處為了瞭解管轄區域內之不同林帶生態植被變化，在楊遠波、張惠珠兩位學者促進下，在1992年於不同海拔高度生態植被帶，分別設置：高海拔地帶之合歡山臺灣冷杉林永久樣區(海拔高度為3,200m，樣區面積為2000m2)、中海拔地帶之臺灣雲杉林永久樣區(海拔高度約為2,000m，樣區面積為1000m2)，與低海拔地帶闊葉林永久樣區(海拔高度約為320m，樣區面積約為500m2)等共計三處，以作為太魯閣國家公園長期監測轄區內不同生態林帶之植物群落變動情形，提供國家公園永續經營管理依據。
目前針對這三處永久樣區曾經施作複查，以進行討論樣區內植物族群動態變化情形較完整資料，則以合歡山臺灣冷杉永久樣區資料為居多。除了1992年楊遠波、張惠珠建立其樣區第一次基本資料以外，張惠珠、古心蘭更是在1998年進行第二次合歡山臺灣冷杉永久樣區每木複查量測工作，以瞭解在相隔六年之久時間下，其樣區內各種植物族群變化情形。然而引起植物群落進行動態變化，除了隨時間歷程促進植物群落進行自我組成結構變動之外，亦會受到棲地環境條件因素影響，如當地區域之氣候變遷、與棲地植被土壤環境等因子而施作自我調整，以維持植物群落物種結構趨向穩定性發展。
因此，本研究目的，係擬以延伸前述1992年與1998年之研究調查監測記錄資料報告內容，進行2009~2010年間之樣區植物物種調查與樣區現場土壤採樣，以瞭解樣區植物群落在歷經近17~18年時程之植物動態演替變化，並研析臺灣冷杉林之植物群落動態演替現象，與氣候變遷、棲地土壤環境間影響之相關性，以瞭解氣候變遷與棲地環境特色對於樣區植物群落演替特性，作為國家公園對於高海拔植物生態之永續經營管理的參考。

Permanent plots (also known as long-term monitoring plots) are indispensable research sample blocks for conducting repeated observations in forest ecology studies to explore the dynamic relationships between environments and organisms.

To understand the ecological and vegetation changes of different forest zones within its jurisdiction, the Taroko National Park Headquarters, with the promotion of scholars Yang Yuanbo and Zhang Huizhu, established three permanent plots in 1992 across eco-vegetation zones at different elevations: the Hehuan Mountain Taiwan fir forest permanent plot in the high-altitude zone (elevation: 3200 m, plot area: 2000 m²), the Taiwan spruce forest permanent plot in the mid-altitude zone (elevation: ~2000 m, plot area: 1000 m²), and the broad-leaved forest permanent plot in the low-altitude zone (elevation: ~320 m, plot area: ~500 m²). These plots are used for long-term monitoring of plant community dynamics in different ecological forest zones within Taroko National Park, providing a basis for the sustainable management of the national park.

Currently, among the three permanent plots, the datasets from the Hehuan Mountain Taiwan fir forest permanent plot are the most comprehensive for discussing plant population dynamics within the plots, as repeated surveys have been conducted most thoroughly on this site. In addition to the first baseline survey of the plot established by Yang Yuanbo and Zhang Huizhu in 1992, Zhang Huizhu and Gu Xinlan conducted a second census and measurement of all individual trees in the Hehuan Mountain Taiwan fir forest permanent plot in 1998, to understand the changes in plant populations within the plot after a six-year interval. However, the dynamic changes in plant communities are driven not only by the self-structural changes of plant communities over time, but also by habitat environmental factors, such as regional climate change and vegetation-soil environment of the habitat, which prompt the communities to undergo self-adjustment to maintain the stable development of their species composition.

Therefore, the objective of this study is to build upon the aforementioned research, survey and monitoring record reports from 1992 and 1998, by conducting plant species surveys and on-site soil sampling in the plots between 2009 and 2010. This aims to understand the plant dynamic succession changes of the plant communities in the plots after nearly 17 to 18 years, analyze the dynamic succession phenomena of the Taiwan fir forest plant communities and their correlations with climate change and habitat soil environment, and clarify the impacts of climate change and habitat environment characteristics on the succession traits of the plot’s plant communities, so as to provide a reference for the sustainable management and conservation of high-altitude plant ecology in national parks.