Data from: Explaining European fungal fruiting phenology with climate variability

Here we assess the impact of geographically dependent (latitude, longitude and altitude) changes in bioclimatic (temperature, precipitation and primary productivity) variability on fungal fruiting phenology across Europe. Two main nutritional guilds of fungi, saprotrophic and ectomycorrhizal, were further separated into spring and autumn fruiters. We used a path‐analysis to investigate how biogeographic patterns in fungal fruiting phenology coincided with seasonal changes in climate and primary production. Across central to northern Europe, mean fruiting varied by approximately 25 days, primarily with latitude. Altitude affected fruiting by up to 30 days, with spring delays and autumnal accelerations. Fruiting was as much explained by the effects of bioclimatic variability as by their large‐scale spatial patterns. Temperature drove fruiting of autumnal ectomycorrhizal and saprotrophic, as well as spring saprotrophic groups, while primary production and precipitation were major drivers for spring‐fruiting ectomycorrhizal fungi. Species‐specific phenology predictors were not stable, instead deviating from the overall mean. There is significant likelihood that further climatic change, especially in temperature, will impact fungal phenology patterns at large spatial scales. The ecological implications are diverse, potentially affecting food webs (asynchrony), nutrient cycling and the timing of nutrient availability in ecosystems.

本研究旨在评估地理依赖的（纬度、经度与海拔）生物气候（气温、降水与初级生产力）变率变化对全欧洲真菌子实体物候的影响。研究将腐生型（saprotrophic）与外生菌根型（ectomycorrhizal）这两类主要的真菌营养类群，进一步划分为春季结实类群与秋季结实类群，并采用通径分析（path-analysis）探究真菌子实体物候的生物地理格局与气候及初级生产力的季节变化之间的耦合关系。在欧洲中部至北部区域，平均结实期差异可达约25天，且该差异主要由纬度驱动；海拔对结实期的影响可达30天，具体表现为春季结实期延迟，秋季结实期则提前。生物气候变率的影响与大尺度空间格局对结实期的解释力相当。气温是秋季外生菌根真菌、腐生真菌以及春季腐生真菌结实期的主要调控因子，而初级生产力与降水则是春季结实外生菌根真菌的关键驱动因素。物种特异性的物候预测因子并不稳定，其表现偏离整体平均水平。未来气候变化（尤其是气温变化）极有可能在大空间尺度上改变真菌物候格局。该研究结果具有多维度的生态学意义，可能通过影响食物网（产生物候异步性）、养分循环以及生态系统中养分可利用的时间节律，进而对生态系统功能产生潜在影响。