Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals aberrant stromal cells and heterogeneous endothelial cells in alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head

Alcohol-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a disabling disease with a high incidence and elusive pathogenesis. Here, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to explore the transcriptomic landscape of mid- and advanced-stage alcohol-induced ONFH. Cells derived from age-matched hip osteoarthritis and femoral neck fracture samples were used as control. Our bioinformatics analysis revealed the disorder of osteogenic-adipogenic differentiation of stromal cells in ONFH and altered regulons such as MEF2C and JUND. In addition, we reported that one of the endothelial cell clusters with ACKR1 expression exhibited strong chemotaxis and a weak angiogenic ability and expanded with disease progression. Furthermore, ligand-receptor-based cell-cell interaction analysis indicated that ACKR1+ endothelial cells might specifically communicate with stromal cells through the VISFATIN and SELE pathways, thus influencing stromal cell differentiation in ONFH. Overall, our data revealed single cell transcriptome characteristics in alcohol-induced ONFH, which may contribute to the further investigation of ONFH pathogenesis.