Simulation scheme and results.

H13 die steel has the characteristics of high hardness, strong toughness, and good heat resistance, and is a typical difficult to process materials material. During the cutting process, it is prone to accelerate tool wear and cause thermal deformation. By reasonably designing micro-grooves, the comprehensive performance of the tool can be effectively improved. In this study, by optimizing the structural parameters of the micro-groove, the comprehensive performance of the tool is significantly improved, and the micro-groove optimization control mechanism is deeply analyzed. At the same time, the micro-damage problem is numerically analyzed by using the peridynamics numerical simulation and comparison experiment. Research results indicate that properly increasing the distance between the slot at the outer contour of the cutting tool and the cutting edge and projecting it in a flattened shape onto the surface of the tool, ensures a smooth transition between the groove top and bottom near the cutting edge can effectively enhance the comprehensive performance of the cutting tool. The tool’s major cutting edge near-field and rake face is prone to micro-cracks resulting in crack diffusion. When the milling time is 3.5×10−6 s, the tool’s major cutting edge combined displacement increases most rapidly, the major flank optimization effect is the most obvious, and the resultant displacement is reduced by about 37.06%. By optimizing the structural parameters of micro-grooves on the rake face, this study enhances the comprehensive performance of the tool and unveils the formation, distribution, and variation patterns of near-field cracks on the tool’s cutting edge. The research results have certain valuable insights for the optimization design and manufacturing of high performance milling tools made from H13 die steel.H13模具钢（H13 die steel）具有高硬度、强韧性及良好的耐热性，属于典型的难加工材料。在切削过程中，该材料极易加速刀具磨损并引发热变形。通过合理设计微沟槽（micro-grooves），可有效提升刀具的综合性能。本研究通过优化微沟槽的结构参数，显著提升了刀具的综合性能，并深入剖析了微沟槽的优化调控机制。同时，采用近场动力学（peridynamics）数值模拟方法与对照实验，对微损伤问题开展了数值分析。研究结果表明，适当增大刀具外轮廓处沟槽与切削刃的间距，并将其以扁平化形态投影至刀具表面，确保切削刃附近的槽顶与槽底实现平滑过渡，可有效提升切削刀具的综合性能。刀具主切削刃近场及前刀面易产生微裂纹并引发裂纹扩展。当铣削时长为3.5×10⁻⁶ s时，刀具主切削刃的合位移增长速率最快，主后刀面的优化效果最为显著，合位移降低约37.06%。本研究通过对前刀面的微沟槽结构参数进行优化，提升了刀具的综合性能，并揭示了刀具切削刃近场裂纹的形成、分布及演化规律。该研究成果对于H13模具钢高性能铣削刀具的优化设计与制造具有一定的参考价值。