COMPARATİVE ANALYSİS OF INDUSTRİAL ENTERPRİSE FİNANCİNG MECHANİSMS İN DEVELOPED COUNTRİES AND UZBEKİSTAN

This article examines the comparative aspects of lending to industrial enterprises in developed countries and Uzbekistan. The study analyzes the role of financial infrastructure, banking regulation, interest rate policy, government support mechanisms, private sector participation, and modern financial instruments in the development of industrial financing. The experience of countries such as France, Germany, the United States, Japan, China, and India shows that effective industrial lending is closely connected with a well-developed financial system, credit guarantee mechanisms, tax incentives, subsidies, and innovation-oriented state programs. The article also identifies the main differences between advanced economies and Uzbekistan in terms of access to credit resources, the use of digital banking services, and the application of risk management tools. Based on the comparative analysis, the paper proposes recommendations for improving industrial lending practices in Uzbekistan by strengthening financial infrastructure, expanding long-term and preferential credit programs, developing private sector participation, and introducing international best practices in industrial finance.本文针对发达国家与乌兹别克斯坦的工业企业信贷业务展开比较研究。本研究剖析了金融基础设施、银行监管、利率政策、政府支持机制、私营部门参与以及现代金融工具在工业融资发展中的作用。法国、德国、美国、日本、中国、印度等国的实践经验表明，高效的工业信贷与完善的金融体系、信用担保机制、税收优惠政策、补贴以及创新导向型国家规划紧密相关。本文还明确了发达经济体与乌兹别克斯坦在信贷资源获取、数字银行服务应用以及风险管理工具使用方面的主要差异。基于本次比较分析，本文提出了优化乌兹别克斯坦工业信贷实践的相关建议，具体包括强化金融基础设施建设、扩大长期优惠信贷计划、推动私营部门参与以及引入工业金融领域的国际最佳实践。