THE ISSUE OF PERSONNEL IN THE SOVIET PRESS AND ITS RELEVANCE

After the Bolsheviks came to power in 1918, the Soviet government paid great attention to training its personnel, especially in the press. Since there were no other "forces" working in the press, young journalists with experience were initially involved in press work. In the second half of the 1920s, many of them were accused of "propagating the national bourgeois press and opinion" and were expelled from the press. The training of new personnel began with the compulsory involvement of government and party members in press work. At the first congress of press workers in 1920: "Everywhere, parties, trade unions and other organizations are now creating literary collegiums; in the center and in the neighborhoods, the Soviets and party officials are forced to regularly correspond with newspapers.", was given, after which it became mandatory for each organization to have its own correspondent. In 1924: “On this Saturday, September 27, all our correspondents in the old and new Tashkent and Tashkent district are required to come to the “Turkiston” office and register themselves. All factions, councils, trade union organizations and cells, communes, associations, enterprises, joint organizations, schools and others are requested to appoint correspondents from among themselves and send them to the office at the time indicated above”, From the advertisement in the newspaper, it is clear that the task of training permanent correspondents for the newspaper was set for each organization. That is, in providing press personnel, representatives of government agencies were used, first of all.1918年布尔什维克（Bolsheviks）掌权后，苏维埃政府（Soviet government）高度重视人才培养工作，尤以新闻出版领域为重中之重。 彼时新闻出版领域暂无其他可用从业力量，初期只得吸纳具备一定实践经验的青年记者投身新闻工作。20世纪20年代下半叶，其中不少从业者被指控"宣扬民族资产阶级报刊与舆论"，并被逐出新闻界。此后，新闻出版领域的新人才培养转而依托"政府与党员强制参与新闻工作"的模式推进。1920年首次全国新闻工作者代表大会提出要求："各地政党、工会及其他组织均应设立文学协作小组；在中央与地方各级，苏维埃与党务官员须定期向报刊供稿"，该决议颁布后，各组织配备专属通讯员成为法定硬性要求。 1924年的一则报刊招募启事明确要求："9月27日（周六），所有在新旧塔什干及塔什干地区的通讯员须前往《突厥斯坦报》（Turkiston）社报到登记。请各派系、苏维埃、工会组织及其基层单位、公社、协会、企业、联合机构、学校等相关单位从内部推选通讯员，并于上述指定时间将其送至报社。" 从这一启事不难看出，当时已明确要求各组织为报社培养常驻通讯员。换言之，在新闻出版人才供给环节，政府机构代表成为首要的依托力量。