AN ADOPTION OF MARPOL 73/78 FOR MANAGING SHIP-GENERATED GARBAGE IN LAEM CHABANG PORT : A CASE OF SHIPPING COLLABORATIONS

Ship-generated garbage is harmful to aquatic creatures and ecosystems. To prevent the marine environment from this pollutant, the adequate provision of garbage reception facility (GRF) in seaports is critical. This study contributes the practitioner and the literature by developing collaboration concepts for managing it through four objectives: 1) to survey the levels of existing performances in providing GRF of LCP; 2) to analyze the impact of factors on the motivations of shipping companies in delivering their ship-generated garbage at the GRF of LCP; 3) to analyze the relationship of collaborations between LCP and the shipping companies and suggest how to boost up the collaborations; and 4) to analyze the benefits expected to gain from the collaborations between LCP and the shipping companies. To analyze the data, the multivariate analysis of variance was used in objective 1, 2 and 4 while the ordinal regression model was adopted in objective 3. The data was gathered through the adoption of the questionnaires which were sent to 148 shipping firms. The complete questionnaires were returned from 127 shipping firms with the response rate of 85.81%. The analysis indicates that 1) the frequency of ship berthing at LCP per year, 2) the nationality of the shipping firms and 3) the types of ships operated by the shipping firms, influence on the differences of attitude of ship operators as follow: 1) the performances in providing GRF of LCP and 2) the motivations in delivering their ship-generated garbage at the GRF of LCP. The findings enable us to identify 1) the failure of LCP in maintaining performances required by MARPOL 73/78 and 2) the deficiency in enforcing the national laws of Marine Department of Thailand. Finally, three collaboration models verified by ship operators are developed to alleviate the existing challenges and enhance the marine pollution prevention from ship-generated garbage at LCP.

船舶垃圾会对水生生物与海洋生态系统造成危害。为避免海洋环境遭受此类污染物破坏，在海港中充足配置垃圾接收设施（Garbage Reception Facility, GRF）至关重要。本研究通过构建船舶垃圾管理协作理念，为实务界与学术领域均作出贡献，具体包含四大研究目标：1）调研地方集装箱港（LCP）垃圾接收设施的现有服务水平；2）分析各类因素对航运公司将船舶垃圾投放至LCP垃圾接收设施的动机的影响；3）剖析LCP与航运公司之间的协作关系，并提出强化双方协作的路径；4）分析双方通过协作可预期获得的收益。针对数据分析环节，本研究在目标1、2与4中采用多变量方差分析，在目标3中则采用有序回归模型。本研究通过问卷调研收集数据，共向148家航运企业发放问卷，最终回收有效问卷127份，有效回收率为85.81%。分析结果显示，以下三项因素会造成船舶经营者的态度差异：1）船舶每年在LCP的靠泊频次；2）航运企业的国籍；3）航运企业运营的船舶类型，具体影响体现在两方面：一是LCP垃圾接收设施的服务水平，二是航运公司将船舶垃圾投放至该设施的动机。本研究结果可帮助我们明确两点：一是LCP未能达到《国际防止船舶造成污染公约（MARPOL 73/78）》规定的服务要求；二是泰国海事部门的国内法规执法存在不足。最后，本研究构建了经船舶经营者验证的三类协作模式，以缓解当前存在的各类挑战，强化LCP的船舶垃圾海洋污染防治工作。